Inspirations for Teaching

In an ever-changing teaching environment, one thing stands out for many educators today: getting students involved in projects that have a meaningful impact on the society that they live in, while at the same time meeting established core curriculum and educational goals. In their article “Environmental Eduction in Action: How Expeditionary Learning Schools Support Classroom Teachers in Tackling Issues of Sustainability,” Meg Riordan and Emily Klein note the view of environmental education  as a ‘”creative and dynamic process in which pupils and teachers are engaged together in a search for solutions to environmental problems”‘ (120) and that teachers as well as students must be supported in this process. In addition, they note that this support comes in the form of professional development in areas such as “interdisciplinary planning, active investigation of local issues, and robust participation-with students- in activities around environmental improvement” (120).

In support of this model of teaching and teacher support, Riordan and Klein note two case studies in which this type of teacher support was offered, and how it effected student’s learning. One case study, conducted in a 7th grade class, looks at a class asking the question ‘”what sustains us?”‘ while the second case study, conducted in a 9th grade class, examines a class considering ‘”the value of resources”‘ (124). In both case studies, multiple teachers across various educational disciplines play a role in guiding the students to their ultimate objective, as “expeditions involve other teachers as an ‘integral part of it'” (125). Because of challenges such as these, and the ever changing dynamics of a modern day classroom, Riordan and Klein draw several conclusions from the case studies. First is the “importance of real world experiences” (129) and exposing both teachers and students to this type of learning. Additionally, “the content knowledge and instruction strategies needed to be an effective science teacher are not static” (130), and because of this, teachers must continually undergo professional development to ensure both they and their course are relevant. Finally, “research suggests that teacher professional development should involve participants ‘in the active investigation and amelioration of the real world problems of relevance to the communities in which they teach”‘ (132). If all of this is taken into mind, Riordan and Klein argue, teachers can provide, and continue to provide, “rich inquiry based experiences” (135) to their students for years to come.

A Source To Add To Your Tool Box

Ma’am this article I found is really interesting and fascinating. The reason for the high remarks is that I have been studying project-based teaching during this entire fieldwork class and the idea of project-based teaching is extremely interesting to me due to the fact that I didn’t have many projects when I was in middle school. I know what you are doing is important and I believe this article will help add to collection of knowledge you have on the topic.

To begin the title of the article is “A qualitative study using project-based learning (PBL) in a mainstream middle school.” It is a study conducted by Scott Wurdinger, Jean Haar, Robert Hugg and Jennifer Bezon all from Minnesota State University. This article begins with identifying a problem with mainstream middle schools and the dropout rate in high school. A lot of the high schoolers who drop out have the grades to pass they are just bored with what they are learning. As this problem is identified by the authors it then proceeds to a solution that some schools mainly charter schools have identified a possible solution to reengage middle school students and that is with project-based teaching. Once it introduces the project-based teaching theory, the authors then proceeded to define the components of PBL, this idea has four steps that the teacher must know and understand in order for the learning process to work correctly. One quote I found most interesting is “Teachers should be cognizant of this inquiry process and attempt to guide students through all four steps; however, learning may be hindered if teachers inform students of the four-step process” (Wurdinger, 151-152). This I believe is a great tip to know as a teacher and ever further down the article I am sure there are more hints and tips that will improve a teacher’s knowledge of PBL. As the article continues it goes into a main theme of methods of PBL highlighting on, problem solving, scope, culture, Project process, and obstacles. Lastly the article dives into the study’s findings and discussion of those findings. The conclusion is that “teachers accepted the project-based approach and that students were highly engaged in the process; however, this approach presents teachers with a unique set of problems” (Wurdinger, 159).

Ma’am I believe this is a perfect article to add to the tool box of knowledge and help sharpen that knowledge to dive into teaching the bright young minds of the future.

Citations:

Wurdinger, Scott, et al. “A Qualitative Study Using Project-Based Learning in a Mainstream Middle School.” Improving Schools, vol. 10, no. 2, 2007, pp. 150–161., doi:10.1177/1365480207078048.

-Jingle

A proper research article may be found by searching Oxford’s files

Shamus Bartmess

V., Thomas, et al. “Writing a Research Article: Advice to Beginners.” OUP Academic, Oxford University Press, 1 June 2004, academic.oup.com/intqhc/article/16/3/191/1814554.

This article would serve the class well because it is all about writing a research paper for beginners. It goes through and lays down all the issues you may come in contact with, while also solving those. In effect, creating its own research paper whilst still talking about how to write a research paper. It starts out talking about the aspects of which the paper should touch on. It also talks about three ideas which make the research paper, a research paper and not something else entirely. These are: “specificity… originality…. General relevance to a broad scientific community” (Thomas). This is good and all but the article goes into even greater detail. It gets into how the paper should be structured. It states that the structure should be, “the sequence of Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion (sometimes abbreviated as IMRAD).” (Thomas). It also tells how the author should format the beginning of the paper, and the body of the paragraph. It does this for every paragraph in the paper. It provides a table which makes it easy to follow when setting up the paper and how to set it up. Almost, cheating because it simplifies the process so much, but would make the process easy to understand for a beginner. It also provides a list of common mistakes that people make when writing a research paper. This should help the author to not make these mistakes. All in all, this is a very good source which should be used by teachers and students because it makes the process of writing a research paper so much easier. It also is produced by Oxford University which is something to be noted. Oxford is one of the oldest and most recognized schools in the world; making this article trustworthy.

Tahvon Davis

Derntl, Micheal. “Basics of Research Paper Writing and Publishing.” RWTH Aachen University, swsu.ru/sbornik-statey/pdf/paperwriting.pdf. Accessed 1 Apr. 2020.

It is my opinion that the following resource would be a beneficial writing guide for the children at the High School. The article is by Michael Derntl a gentleman from a German university RWTH Aachen University. He was a senior staff member for the Advanced Community Information Systems (ACIS) and is the author of Basics of Research Paper Writing and Publishing. I believe that this article is beneficial to our lesson and to the students because it covers the fundamentals of research paper writing which include structuring, thesis’ and conclusions. He helps aid the reader in writing with visual representations of how a thorough work should be written and provides detailed explanations of why his methods are imperative when writing a strong research paper. The article also covers the editorial process and the steps that should be taken before submitting a final paper. His work fits our needs in my opinion because it addresses one of the more difficult concepts when writing. The concept that I feel should be stressed is the importance of narrowing down a topic to encompass a specific exigence that belongs to a larger category. This fact is shown by Derntl when he says, “The introduction leads the reader from general motivations and a broad subject to a particular research question…” (Page 107) The article draws references from many scholarly sources that study and evaluate the most efficient ways of writing. Due to it’s relevance, I think that this work will create an excellent base for our students and our lesson plan along with the article mentioned by my partner above.

Works Cited:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RWTH_Aachen_University

http://dbis.rwth-aachen.de/cms/staff/derntl

Welcome to Ellis Island1

On my second visit to Mrs. Cosgriff’s fifth grade class at Central Elementary school, I took a more hands on approach vs the first visit where I was a passive observer. My partner on the first visit was more outgoing than I was. Throughout their semester, the fifth graders were learning a lesson on immigration to the United States through Ellis Island. All of this was gearing towards a big project about immigration. The project was a simulation of Ellis Island, Mrs. Cosgriff’s class were manning the stations of Ellis Island and another fifth grade class was acting as the immigrants and visiting Mrs. Cosgriff’s room. Joe and I’s role in the classroom for this visit was to help engage with the students. We went to separate groups to help lead the discussion and research.  I went to a smaller group that originally only had three students in it. The purpose of the groups were for the students to engage in sustained inquiry about what their assigned station was. The students were given a web page that provided research on each station at Ellis Island. In my group I made sure to help guide the research more in depth by asking questions that made the students think harder about the details that go into their station. My group had two quiet students, one of them joined the group late and was unsure about what was happening. To make sure student engagement was high, I asked questions specifically to the students who were reserved. Once given the chance they were helpful to the project overall.

The invented idea for a learning activity that I came up with was centered around human rights and human trafficking. I thought it would go along well with the curriculum that Mrs. Cosgriff had already planned. My learning activity is based around the two PBL standards of public product and student voice and choice. Human rights and human trafficking is considered to be an “adult topic” but the reality is that human trafficking can happen to anyone. To help teach our children basic human rights and the prevention of human trafficking, the students would create a children’s book for those younger than them. To help ensure it is age appropriate and that the students creating the content understand it themselves, the students are doing their own, supervised,  research. The classroom would be split up into groups like how Mrs. Cosgriff did for the Ellis Island simulation.  Each group would be assigned a topic to do research on. The topics will range from, what is human trafficking, who are the victims of human trafficking, where does human trafficking occur, and how to prevent human trafficking. There are many safe websites available that the students could go to but it is up to the teacher’s discretion to find what they deem as age appropriate website for the students to use. As the students do their research and prepare their portion of the book, they are also learning about human trafficking themselves. Once the information has been edited, the teacher will place it together as a book and have it ready for the public.

Interactions in the Classroom

In my last few visits to Ms. Donahue’s classroom, I have gotten to participate in the class on a greater and greater scale each time. On my second visit, the extent of my participation was acting as a scribe for the class and writing on the board. However, in my third visit, I actually began to interact in a more meaningful manner with the students. During my third visit, I helped the students in Ms. Donahue’s class create their posters to present with based on the in class project that they have been working on. In doing so, I helped guide the students in the right direction, making suggestions for vital parts of the posters, such as how to represent data in graphs, and overall poster design. In addition, I helped check for grammar and spelling errors on the posters as well. On my fourth visit, we went on a field trip to an environmental conference. During the trip, I acted as a chaperone, making sure that the students behaved well. In addition, I also acted as a small group facilitator, as the students had the opportunity to present to other schools about the project that they had just finished. This was one of the best parts of the class so far, as I had the opportunity to see the finished product of the student’s work, that I helped shape and guide. In addition to this, the conference also featured several breakout sessions that focused on various topics, as well as a tour of the community college.

 

Based off of my observations in the classroom, as well as what I have learned in class, I have been able to come up with a learning activity that is based in our final lesson goal of a debate. This lesson would require students to present in front of the class on an article about plastic waste that the class would read beforehand. In addition to giving a short presentation (5 minutes) in front of the class, the other students who are listening will have to ask questions regarding the presentation. This will encourage active listening during both the presentation and the debate. Additionally, by requiring students to ask questions based on the presentations, this activity would encourage critical thinking within the students, as they must come up with a response to what they just heard in the presentation, similar to how the students would have to respond to each other during the debate. The presence of a time requirement for the presentations would also teach the students to adhere to a given set time limit. This activity would focus on creating confidence in each of the students in their ability to speak before a large group, as this has been a problem that I have noticed in some of Ms. Donahue’s classes. Additionally, this would also be an opportunity to work on proper grammar and argument structure with the students, as both the teacher and class get to know the student’s speaking style and ability.

 

Emphasizing Student Collaboration

During my last visit to Mr. Simms’ and Ms. Trombetta’s classroom I had the opportunity to lead a class discussion about what the students thought of lawyers. Did they see lawyers as amoral, greedy, manipulators who were willing to do whatever it took to win their case and make their money? Or did they see lawyers as advocates who pioneered for the societal issues they believed in fighting for? To be honest, the discussion was pretty painful. I barely got any response from the students and, no matter what I said, it seemed as if they had no idea what I was talking about. I think that the biggest issue with me just jumping into the classroom in the way that I did was because it didn’t match up with the way the classroom is traditionally run. It very much felt as if I had disrupted the culture and the norms held within the classroom. Just from my speaking to the class I could tell that the class took a more insular approach to inquiry, discussion, and instruction. I knew from my previous experiences with the class that they had experience with reflection and discussion, but in my experience leading that reflection and discussion I really struggled with engaging student interest and curiosity (there didn’t really seem to be any, honestly). I came away from leading that discussion with more questions than confidence. I couldn’t help but wonder, how do you engage with a student, pique a student’s curiosity or interest, if they don’t realize that they could be interested in the subject?

My own learning activity that would support my team unit would definitely be geared towards really trying to discover what the students would like to be involved in or learn. Ms. Trombetta’s lesson plan appeared interesting to me, and maybe it would have been more interesting to the students if she would have led the discussion instead of me, but in regard to this particular unit I didn’t see any student contributions to the lesson plan. That is the main thing I would like to include in my learning activity – student contribution. Honestly, I would prefer to simply have a conversation with students and hear about what aspects of their learning experience they’ve enjoyed most far in Mr. Simms’s and Ms. Trombetta’s classroom. I would like to create a big poster board on the wall with different sections including favorite topics, favorite activities, favorite forms of media, etc. I want to hear directly from the students so that we can work on something together. Sure, I would be guiding the students, but I would want them to know that they are the driving force of their own education. This way the class and I can have a starting point from which we can begin putting ideas together about a larger activity culminating in a goal of their choosing. Ideally, I would create a big poster board that would keep track of all of the brainstorming activities we would do so that we could keep track of our progress.

Second Visit in the bag

Blog 4

Our role in the class was not prepared well enough to make an impact. During class on Tuesday, Izzy and I came up with the plan to present our mini curriculum to the class that included mythologies, research, art projects, etc. We sent it to our teacher and were informed that they were past that portion of the class and will not be returning to that section. That unfortunately means that we must come up with a brand-new plan to fit the lesson plans present now within the class. So, when we went to the class on Thursday, we talked to our teacher and presented our idea to focus on the American mythology of our own justice system. She did not provide too much comment because we did not have a complete idea in place do to our adjustments. After this conversation she suggested we lead the second part of the discussion for today’s talk which required us to ask about stereotypes surrounding lawyers. When the discussion took place, we tried to incorporate the group think aspect of PBL and EL by allowing open discussion. That did not go as expected due to limited participation. My conclusion was, to be effective with these students, we have to first build a strong relationship by constant appearances, and one on one discussions with each child to find out how they best learn.

The best idea for a learning idea is somewhat irrelevant without first putting in the work to understand the children. In my opinion, no matter how effective our teaching methods are, no matter how creative they are, if the teachers can not take the time out to educate themselves on their students, no matter if they have 25-200, if the curriculum does not change to fit the teachers need to understand their students before even the first lesson is taught, then their will never be something creative enough to fulfill each student’s needs. Teaching can not be a “one size fits all” endeavor. It must match every student in their own way. Their can not be a S.O.L because not every student learns the same. Yes, EL and PBL have great ideas, but in order for these great ideas to come true there has to be a plan developed for each child to build a foundation that the teachers can adjust their lesson plans around. Without that, these teachers are at a disadvantage and the students are hindered even more because they cannot receive the basic knowledge needed to survive the world ahead. A world where they will not have the opportunity to rewrite, reword, or redo something before a serious punishment is handed down. My idea is this, get rid of the requirement to meet a S.O.L, have the college students studying to be teachers also become psychologist as well, and push for the student’s well-being instead of meeting a quota. These kids are not just numbers, but the future of this country.

Back in High School. Exciting!

 

Back in a High School so exciting… My visit to Mr. Simms’s 9th grade English class was everything you could expect from a high school class. Kids sleeping before class, on their phones, others are reading, but once the bell rung and class began, the students locked in for the most part. While we were observing the classroom, I noticed a few examples of the EL Education Design Principles like principle six “Collaboration and Competition”. There was not much of this principle throughout the class period due to the introduction to their new book. The examples that were present were one, the kids had an open discussion about the book and their perspectives of the characters presented. The other example of this principle was their group project they did in class. The project consisted of the children getting into groups and collaborating on how to draw the important scenes they have read so far. This is exactly what principle six means when it talks about the value of friendship and group action. The second principle that was present was principle two “Having Wonderful Ideas”. Throughout the open discussion on the book “Monster”, the teacher asked a few questions that sparked the creation of a few important ideas during class. One of the questions was “What is a Monster?” and one of the students answered saying “someone or something that causes fear and or fearful thoughts in other person”. This was an interesting answer that I wanted to hear more about but the teacher went onto another student. While observing, I was also tasked with scanning the room for important visuals that promote learning. While there I saw a few paintings on the walls, the daily objective was written on the side of the board, books on the book self in the back, and a new and improved board made to look like a jail cell was hanging in the back of the room. Personally, from what I have viewed so far, I believe that this potential PBL workspace could go either way due to the participation of some students but not all. The teacher’s awareness and effectiveness to find what works and does not work with each student. I believe that if these two minimal requirements were met on a consistent basis, the atmosphere of the classroom would increase from good to outstanding.

My Role in a Middle School

I visited the Middle school every time and was able to get close with the students and began to learn how a teacher feels when their students understand the situation and really learn about the topic. For the second visit it was sadly not all that good. We still played the role of observers and listening to the students but mainly the teacher because they needed to understand the plan for nest fest that would happen next week for them. I still took my notes and listened to the teacher describe what will happen and what activities and learning opportunities will be presented. The third visit on the other hand was amazing! This one just happened today 3/5/20 and I have to say this was really fun. I did play a role as a scribe but I felt like I kind of led a group of kids in an AAR or after-action report about the Nest Fest and what the kids liked, wished, and wonder about this event. I enjoyed listening to the students and building a sense of culture between them. I was able to manage activities with them especially this AAR activity and it was really fun and I learned a lot. I did learn that I need to be more open with the children and have fun I felt like I was kind of cold and just doing my job I need to lighten up before I take over and manage the next activity.

I do have my own idea for what learning activity I would like to lead and teach the kids in the class. With the collection of my field journal notes and observations I have decided that the best activity would be more project-based learning. Since I discussed with the teacher who is leading the class it seems that one particular student encountered difficulties with the normal class lessons but once she was introduced to projects her entire view on school work has improved. With this major note and observation, I want and wish to device a plan that will include pieces and main theme of their previous project on water, wildlife, and waste. I would like to use the idea of “dream on” which is design plan for a project that I learned about in “guide for planning a learning expedition.” This plan I hope will allow me to design a plan in phases which allows for better organization and if necessary, ease of changing along the road. Basically, with a plan broken down into phases will allow me to develop a suitable activity that will, I hope, allow the student to enjoy as well as continue their learning on the main theme of the project they already have been working on.

 

-Jingle

How does PBL work in Mr. Simms class?

Having previously discussed some of mine and Mason’s experience within the classroom of Mr. Simms Psychology class to include much of our participation, I’ve been thinking about why PBL principles and in-class projects work in Mr. Simms psychology class.

At once the students seem to be near peers to Mason and I and yet much younger than ourselves. Nevertheless, I believe in the 3 visits to their classroom we have diminished any awkwardness between the disparity of our ages. I think they respect us and our opinions based on what I have personally shared with them in the classroom.

I think it is important for us to remain accessible to the students. Even though we don’t know much about what they’ve been learning, we can see how Simms is trying to get his students to learn especially through PBL when he has them working together in groups and discussions.

Our issue is that we lack perspective in the class and have only seen several projects and it is difficult to see where they fit in with the lesson plans. Given the dynamic of the class the students enjoy Simms class. He keeps them interested and engages their minds. His in-class projects are simple and easy for us to join. In a psychology class, or any class in general, it is important to allow students room to adapt and shape how they learn. Simms lets them choose topics to research or interests that they have which influences the direction their study moves. The students may not outright control the lecture, but the discussions in the class and their research is controlled by the students.

Independence allows students to feel in control of their learning. To a great extent, it is my observation that students feel more free and engaged and will most likely encounter concepts of learning faster and more readily when they are in control of their study or allowed certain freedoms to choose their topics or presentation type, for example.