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Learning Outcome 6: To Know Rhetoric is to be Powerful

reflect on multiple learning experiences in order to synthesize knowledge

This assignment was made for my Rhetorical Traditions II class. It was made to exemplify how rhetoric has changed my life and ways of looking at the world, and how it can change everyone else. I described the different uses for rhetoric that could be beneficial for people in many ways.

When expressing all of the things I had learned in the class, I was able to think about the ways I personally have experienced rhetoric as an English major. While writing the essay, I was able to mentally process it as a whole and what it can contribute to in my daily life.

 This new knowledge fits in with many things I have done before because I tend. To write many reflective pieces as an English major. This essay is very similar to many other reflective pieces I have completed, especially when reflecting on what I have learned and how I can apply that to my own daily life. This assignment was very significant to me because I have a place in my heart for learning work, and then being able to apply that to my own life. Personally, I absorb more when I am able to experience the things that I have learned.

 This assignment makes me want to tell other people about how significant rhetoric is in their daily lives. Also, how important it is to notice that many things are rhetoric, so that one will have the ability to approach them appropriately.

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Learning Outcome 5: Reclaiming Conversation: The Power of Talk in a Digital Age Rhetorical Analysis

Analyze and produce creative works that express the richness of the human experience

This assignment was for my Writing and Rhetoric II class. It was a rhetorical analysis of a piece of text from Sherry Turkle’s book, “The Power of Talk in a Digital Age”. Writing this essay on Sherry Turkles book,  I learned how to analyze a text that is based on the 21st century, and something as relevant as technology. I have also learned how to analyze how technology influences the human experience. 

This new knowledge fits in with other things I have learned as an English major because it displays a way of using rhetoric for current events and real-life issues. What I learned from this assignment is significant to me because technology and media are two interesting mediums to compare as an English major in this modern day.  I find this topic important because although this book was written a few years ago, it remains relevant today. This means I am able to use this when approaching my work in the future. This new knowledge helps me to look forward to doing more analysis about current topics such as Covid-19 or politics. I look forward to what other things will become of interest in the realm of rhetoric. 

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Learning Outcome 4: Wo(MAN)s World

Evaluate and use sources to produce effective and ethical arguments

 

This assignment was for my Gender health class. It was made to express the limitations and ethical failure that the economy has created to divide men and women, specifically in the business field. I used many different sources to support my arguments. These sources allowed me to make factual statements, which made my arguments more credible.

With researching and getting information from supporting sources, I learned a lot of statistics and facts that I had not known before. It was an eye-opener to see the difference in economical levels between not only men and women period, but even the difference between genders that certain countries can have based on their rank in the economy. I have not done much of anything that is similar to this piece of work. As an English major, research-based work, such as this, seems to be not very common. Being able to do this kind of work is very important to me because it opens my eyes to different ways of arguing. As I stated before, as an English major, I don’t find myself using statistics or facts, so having the opportunity to do this, expands my knowledge of how broad the English field can be.

This knowledge makes me want to dive deeper into how I can begin incorporating statistics and facts into different subjects of English essays and literature, such as rhetoric, Greek tragedies, and ethics. It would be interesting to see which way the paper might turn.

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Learning Outcome 3: Rap Culture and its Rhetorical Influence

Disciplinary terminology and methods of criticism to analyze texts

This assignment was made for my Rhetorical Traditions I class. It was an argument-driven essay to discuss the influence of rhetorical messages on the listening audience.

From this essay, I gained more insight into the rhetorical message’s influences on the public that often go unnoticed. I used terminology such as logos, pathos, and ethos to analyze rap music’s rhetorical appeals. I also compared other types of music and its rhetorical appeals to see if there were any differences in the influences of rap music or “lyrical music”.

This assignment fits with other assignments because there is the discussion of rhetorical appeals, which is a topic I often hear in the field of English. Not only that, but this essay also brings up the role of music media and influential people who are both equipped with the power of ethos.

 It was very significant to me because this essay expanded on how I looked at rhetoric. It broadened my perspective of seeing old, Aristotelian rhetoric to seeing how relevant rhetoric is in the modern age, which is important to how I develop as an English major. When comparing the two types of music genres, it was interesting to see how the rhetorical appeals influenced the audience in different ways.

This new knowledge makes me want to do more research on how relevant rhetoric is in this day in age. This new knowledge also makes me more aware of rhetoric used in our daily life such as television, sports, and social media. I am intrigued to learn more about this topic in my Capstone Project.

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Learning Outcome 2: Aristotelian View on Greek Tragedies

Cultural context influences the production and interpretation of texts

This assignment is written on how the context of Greek culture has an impact on the interpretation of texts, in this case, plays. This essay was made for my Ways of Reading class.

From this assignment, I learned about the ways that Greek culture interpreted the role of tragedy in plays. I analyzed the text of Oedipus and the King to provide an accurate example of how significant tragedies were in the texts of the Greeks.
Before this assignment, I did not know much about the topic of plays nor greek culture. This new knowledge did not fit in with the “traditional” things I had been learning before.

This analysis of tragedy in Greek plays was an important aspect in teaching me how to approach varieties of text that are culturally different than what I am used to. As an English major, it is important to be versatile and considerate of the influence culture has in the interpretation of texts. This new knowledge compels me to do more research about how other societies or cultures may have interpreted different texts like, the Bible.

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Reflective Essay: Ahliyah Williams

Ahliyah Williams

Dr. Hinks

6/17/19

Help Received: References. Ahliyah Williams

 

Reflective Essay

 

Starting off Biology of Gender class, I didn’t think of it is as something that I really wanted to put in more effort than needed. All the way from Artifact 1- 7, my viewpoints on how gender plays a role and is constructed by culture and society. Also, the artifacts have allowed me to open up my mind to all of the many identities there are that people associate themselves with. Instead of viewing the artifacts as just a grade, I viewed them as something that I could learn from and use to teach others. Not only have the artifacts had an impact on my views, but many of them in class assignments have also allowed me to see things in a visual perspective, which ultimately was the best for me to learn from. Ultimately, I have begun to appreciate the fact that I’ve had this class because it allowed me to be a more thoughtful, open-minded, and accepting person. With using five of my favorite most well-developed essays, I am able to show the development in each of my essays and the amount of interest I had in each and every one of the artifacts. As a result, I have gained a broader mindset on the gender that people identify with and the roles of gender in different cultures.

 

As stated previously, when first beginning Biology of Gender class, I had some interest, but simply wanted the grade. Immediately I gained interest in the class so much that I would go back home and research more about the things that we learned about in class. This to me is one of the most important things. The fact that not only am I learning, but I feel the need to teach myself more in-depth about what we had learned about in class. After class every day I felt so amazing knowing that I just learned so many things about myself and have become more open to others. What made me realize that I learned so much from the class, was when I began to correct or teach others things from what I learned while doing my artifacts. Not only were the artifacts an essay, but it was a huge opportunity to find references and other sources that contained even more detailed and broader information. These acts of writing the essays surely expanded my knowledge to things that I may have never learned in my life due to the lack of teaching about gender issues in society now.

 

One of my favorite essays that I have done this whole session is Artifact 4: Male/ Female Gender Health Gap. This artifact was given to the class to realize that as everyone knows, there is a gender gap with females especially, but females and males experience a gap with health access and even service. All in all, females are more susceptible to being at a disadvantage with receiving fewer health services than men are. On another note, even though females receive fewer health services than men, men are less likely to go to the doctors to receive help because of toxic masculinity.  Also, it made me realize the benefits and disadvantages of living longer as a female. Economics play a huge role in this subject because of the longevity that women are alive has a huge impact on the money. The fact that women live longer, and typically have more health concerns than men means that they will be saving more on insurance. I really felt in touch with this artifact because eventually, I may be that women who will live long and have to save up for my multiple health concerns. With this, I still learned along the way the ways to overcome this situation. This shows that something as simple as writing an essay for a class can teach me things to get me prepared for my life. This artifact was so significant because as a female in America, I experience now and will experience in the future (Artifact 4).

 

   The second thing that was significant to my learning and development in this class was the assignments that we took on about gender roles. Gender issues taking on a large role in society right now. Being able to write about this concern made me think a lot about what is really going on in this world right now. Topics about gender identities include transgenders in sports. This is a huge topic currently because transgenders have recently been able to participate in a sport as the gender that they identify with. When writing this essay, I was able to correlate it with myself. With being a track runner, I have actually witnessed this gender issue. I witnessed a transgender running at a track meet against females. At that time was very easy to distinguish a male from a female. The girl ran against other females, but I’m sure to everyone’s surprise, the transgender runner was not significantly faster than any of the other females running. She actually was slower than a lot of them. With most issues about transgender runners, people automatically assume that it is unfair because of their testosterone, but people do not understand that they take hormones to make them more feminine, lowering testosterone. Bringing life issues into the classroom and vice versa seems to be a critical reason for my success in the classroom. ( Artifact 1)

 

Lastly, the artifact that changed my perspective overall and gave me a new outlook on gender as culture was Artifact 2: Gender and Culture. I absolutely loved this artifact and felt more intrigued to go outside of class and continue to research more about it. This artifact gave me the most satisfaction because I enjoyed being able to compare how things like society and economics have a role in gender roles. With gender roles being a big thing right now because of the switch in roles between males and females. This artifact allowed me to explore more cultures in a way without judging them or being biased based on my culture. Seeing that my culture is not the only way things should be done allowed me to be a better and more creative writer. In a way, I was able to reflect on my own culture and things I was accustomed to as being female. This was because when researching that in some places women are basically in charge, for example, the Mosuo of China, I have come to see that my culture is not the most beneficial for me. Don’t get me wrong being a woman in America might be the most freedom as a woman I will have compared to other countries where males dominate or females are needed to do so much manual labor. (Artifact 2).  In relation to Artifact 2, Artifact 1 has a huge correlation with it. Similarly, Artifact 1 supports Artifact 2 because it also looks at gender in society and different cultures. The one difference between Artifact 1 and 2 is that one is talking about gender identities in different cultures and the second is talking about the role of gender in different cultures. It is interesting to see the broad distinction and similarities between identity and roles within genders. (Artifact1, Artifact 2).

 

In conclusion, the artifacts and assignments that I took on in the Biology of Gender class have given me a stronger, but more open-minded view on the gender identities that people choose to uphold and gender roles in different cultures. While learning in class, I have never wanted to do more research outside of class more than I have wanted in the Biology of Gender class. With the information gained from artifacts and assignments, I learned to allow myself to be more accepting of things that I am not used to hearing or seeing. All of the assignments given have given me the ability to do that. When coming to the end of the semester, I have been able to pick up many attributes that not only made me a better student and writer but a better citizen and person.

 

References

 

Artifact 1: Sex vs Gender

Artifact 2: Gender and Culture

Artifact 4: Male/ Female Gender Health Gap

 

Artifact 7: Love and Community

Ahliyah Williams

06/13/19

Help Received: REFERENCES Ahliyah Williams

Artifact 7: Love and Community

 

Robert Eads was a transexual man. Starting off as a female, he never truly felt right with his assigned gender. Robert did not fully convert, with still having his female external parts, but still felt fully male. He appreciated his female genitalia, but it was one thing that was killing him. The film is a documentation of Roberts life. Showing how one’s personal choice for their life can affect their connections with family, friends, community and even their health.

 

The Southern Comfort says so much about the concept of family. A family doesn’t necessarily mean they have to be biological. In Robert Eads case, his family was not biological at all. Just some friends, but people that he considered more his friend than his biological family. This is prevalent in so many cases with people who identify with the other gender. In most cases, a person will have to find people like them because their family, especially parents do not accept them. When people in communities that accept each other and are similar to each other, it is important for them to unite because humans need some sort of feeling of acceptance. With Robert, he didn’t really have acceptance from anyone, except his grandson, which was totally oblivious to what Robert truly was. Robert’s form of community was SoCo. SoCo was a southern conference that brought together people like Robert. Transgender and transexual couples got together and gave their opinions about issues that are relevant in their community of people. Its significance in Robert was huge. He felt so passionate about being there for other people of his community that he wished to stay alive for just one more conference. This shows just how severe it is for people that identify with different identities with not having biological family members for support and having to depend on a whole community of strangers for your support and for love. This love is/was so very important for these people because it’s the only thing some people have.

Robert Eads and many of his friends look very similar to what they identify as. You would have to bat your eyes a few times to really see that Robert is a female, only being able to tell by his voice when you see him, and obviously his external parts. The stereotypes of transgender individuals immediately is drag queens. When you think of that term, you think of a buff man with a dress, makeup and a wig on. In many cases that may be true, but in most, it never goes to extremes. Another stereotype for transgenders would be that all of them are flamboyant and rowdy. Ultimately, is proven in the film that is not true. Most people in the film are too themselves and keep their life private. Most significant, Robert Eads was diagnosed with terminal cancer, which means that he had cervical, uterine, and ovarian cancer. Something that people would never guess Robert having because he appears to be a male. Robert could have been treated much earlier, but all the hospitals and doctors he went to refused him to protect their businesses and keep clients. Robert was unfortunately left untreated and just allowed his cancer to take his life, accepting his fate. In an article by Erin Allday, a man sued a hospital for refusing to perform a hysterectomy on them. There are countless articles on this issue. One issue that caused Robert Had to lose his life

 

In conclusion, The southern conference, or SoCo, was an organization giving the spotlight to people with different gender identities. Robert Eads, a transexual man lived an unproblematic life compared to most transexuals, especially in the south. Robert showed that genitalia wasn’t the true thing that made a man a man or a woman a woman. One of my favorite sayings from him in the film is, “ being a man or woman has nothing to do with genitalia, it’s what it is in your heart or mind”. This film is significant because Robert Eads and many other people in the film prove how hard it is to live as a transexual or transgender, but also how with community, love, and family, it is possible.

 

References

(2019). Erin Allday. Transgender man sues over Eurekas hospitals refusal to perform hysterectomy. San Fransisco Chronicle. 

 

Artifact 6: Lets Talk, Period.

Ahliyah Williams

06/12/19

Dr. Hinks

Help Received: References Ahliyah Williams

 

Artifact 6: Lets Talk, Period.

 

When someone says the word tampon or pad, instantly peoples face fills with discomfort and disgust. Want to get a creepy boy from bothering you? Say “I’m on my period”, that will surely get him to run away. Why are so many women so self- conscious when buying things for that menstrual cycle. The woman’s period is the signal of womanhood and fertility, something as beautiful and holds so much power, but treated with the utmost disrespect. Why has the menstrual cycle come as one of the most disgusting topics to be discussed among not only men but even women?

 

Image result for period partySome parents throw period parties for their girls that get their first period. I never had one of these, and the truth of the matter is, I didn’t even know people still did this. From a tampon shaped pinata to a vulva cake, some parents go extreme to make sure their child knows the significance of their first period. There are so many reactions to a girls first period, the celebration is one. Another reaction would be mine. I can remember my first period. It was totally unexpected and scary! I woke up to it and started running to my mom’s room and crying. My mother comforted me. This reaction seems to be the most common. It was almost like an instinct or a natural reaction for me. In an article called. “Why we’re taught to hide our periods”,  Rachel Hatzipanagos says, “I don’t know where I learned to be ashamed. I just knew, like how we know what hunger is before we learn the word to describe it”. This shows just how much the world has controlled women’s brains to think that the one thing shows that a girl is changing into a woman, is abnormal. A girl is constantly stigmatized by commercials, magazines, and even television that a girl should hide anything to do with their period. Pads are covered with fancy wrapping and flowers. There are even delivery options to spare a trip from having to go buy these things in person. Women are willing to go to extremes to protect other peoples comfortability.

 

Image result for free bleedingThoughts about the menstrual cycle have changed so much over time. Unfortunately, it is difficult to go back to a certain point of time with the menstrual cycle because there is little documentation. But before the 1900s, women didn’t have much to do about their monthly flow, so they had to bleed through their clothes most of the time. Starting in the 1900s, people had realized that it was very unsanitary to bleed in clothes. Washable pads were the new thing in. It came in the form of a belt and was quite bulky and very inconvenient. Now there are tampons and disposable pads that give women much more freedom to do their daily activities, one of those which is sports. Women in the early to mid-1900s, for the most part, we’re not kicking balls around or running around. Now that women have more rights to participate in activities that require physical activity, pads and tampons are necessary.

 

Image result for period nastyIn conclusion, the “period-talk” will always be something that is prevalent in someone’s household. Even though periods are a topic that may make people uncomfortable, they are not like the newest pair of shoes, they will never go out of style. The menstrual cycle is something that should be treated with respect, because like Leah Stone, a poet said, “If this monthly flow of ours makes you uncomfortable, maybe I should remind you where the fuck you came from”. Lastly, with the invention of sports and things that require physical activity like more women in the workplace, pads and tampons are somewhat necessary, not to protect other people, but to make a woman feel free enough to do what she has to do.

References

(2014). Rachel Hatzipangos. Why we’re taught to hide our Periods. The Lily. 

(2018). Erin Laskis. The History of Periods: How Women Have Dealt With Menstruation Through the Ages. Knixteen. 

 

Artifact 5: FGM is not the same as male circumcision

Ahliyah Williams

6/ 7/ 19

Dr. Hinks

Help Received: References Ahliyah Williams 

 

Image result for male circumcisionEveryone has heard of male circumcision. Done at birth and believed to not be painful for the child, and definitely not remembered when an adult, about 80% of males in America are circumcised. This is almost all of the males, an incredible amount. Female circumcision or female genital mutilation (FGM) on the other hand is done on girls as young as infancy and old as fifteen. Imagine being age fifteen and have gone through puberty and being told as such an old age that you have to get your clitoris or labia cut off, nicked, or even sewn together. There are four different types of female circumcision, all of them resulting in utter pain and disgrace for the female. Not only is the female’s parts mutilated, but unlike the benefits of male circumcision, females have horrible disadvantages.

 

Image result for female circumcisionWhat are the disadvantages and advantages of female and male circumcision? They both are very different in many ways. Why do males favor circumcision, well in this case the parent favors it. Because the parents decide for the male at birth if they want the child to be circumcised, it’s not really up to the child to decide this. When a female is circumcised many of them are not circumcised during birth, but sometimes as a teenager. What costs do females have to pay when getting circumcised, Are there any benefits of female circumcision? Females that circumcised get complications such as hemorrhage (excessive bleeding), urinary problems, discomfort or even no pleasure during sex, and sometimes death. There are absolutely no benefits to female circumcision. It only causes harm to the female. Even in some cases, the vagina has to be ripped apart for a woman to have children or prevent infections. Imagine having a vagina that is sewn together and eventually, it grows together. Then imagine having a child and having to break open that grown together skin. Something uncircumcised females cannot even think about

Image result for where is circumcision practicedWhen and where is female and male circumcision performed? What countries perform these acts? Does circumcision have anything to do with culture or religion? Female circumcision is known to be practiced in 30 countries. Some of those countries, including Egypt, Zambia, Ethiopia, and Kongo. Male circumcision is practiced in Australia, Canada, Pakistan, and the United States. Obviously, these countries have a huge difference in cultures and religion. In African countries, much of the reason that female circumcision is practiced is for economic reasons. Already in poverty, women in these countries are doing this mutilation on women for money. They are paid a decent amount of money for these tasks, so this is a practice that if taken away can take away money from many people. In countries that practice male circumcision, a lot in Asian countries, there is a high prevalence of male circumcision. In a 2001 study, the author stated that “South Korea has possibly the largest absolute number of teenage or adult circumcisions anywhere in the world. Because circumcision started through contact with the American military during the Korean War, South Korea has an unusual history of circumcision.”

Image result for Leyla HusseinThe practice of circumcision is still ongoing in many countries, traumatizing millions of women all over the world. It is being slowed down by many people that try to prevent the culture of female genital mutilation from continuing. An advocate of female circumcision, Leyla Hussein is speaking out on the subject of female circumcision. Talking on huge shows such as BBC News Africa. The issue of FGM is not spoken of by many people, I think because male circumcision is so normal and common that many people are not educated enough to see the difference between FGM and male circumcision.

Image result for female circumcisionIn conclusion, there is a distinct difference between male and female circumcision. FGM is likely to never stop because it is the main source of income for many people in many countries. Male circumcision is thought of as normal, especially in the United States of America. Because of advocates for FGM, it is slowly progressing and making a change. Because the culture is so prevalent, it is very difficult to stop the culture because it is FGM, something that has happened for so long. When things are continued for so long, it is very difficult to stop because of the belief that if it is stopped it will mess up the whole religion of a society.

 

References

Leyla Hussein, (2018), The trauma constantly Kept Coming Back, BBC News Africa

Wikipedia, Prevalence of Circumcision. 

Taiwo Lawal, (2017), Circumcision and Its Effects in Africa, NCBI. 

Neonatal and child male circumcision: a global review, World Health Organization. 

UNFPA,(2018), FGM Frequently Asked Questions, UNFPA. 

What Is FGM, End FGM. 

(2018), FGM, World Health Organization. 

 

Class Movie Time and Discussion: Come To Mommy- Porn.

Ahliyah Williams

Dr. Hinks

5/31/19

Help Received: References Ahliyah W.

 

Class Movie Time and Discussion: Come To Mommy- Porn.

The thing that almost every adolescent boy watches, Porn. From toxic masculinity to gender roles, the porn industry shapes the way that young boys and even girls view their own selves and even the role of who they should be as a partner. With the young ages of these children whose brains are still developing based on their environment, porn can very well be one of those factors that are shaped into boys mind. These young children all grow up to be adults. How could we continue to live in a world full of adults with a fantasized mindset of how love should be because of the influence that porn has had on them while young? Then another question would be how young is too young to watch porn? The adolescence stages are so important due to the developmental factors that are happening. With the continuation of porn, it will affect gender roles, masculinity, femininity, and real connections as we know it.

 

Image result for youngboys watching poirnYoung boys who begin to watch porn start as early as 11 years old. Now here’s one significant problem with that. From ages 11-14, which is the average ages that young boys begin to watch porn, their brain and body are going through significant changes. Puberty hits, and socially they begin to want to fit in and have “cliques”. Of course, every parent wants their child to have friends, but when that child is mixing porn with wanting to fit into a crowd, it can be a recipe for disaster. Many kids are influenced in the first place by their peers to watch porn. They may go over a friends house and see a porn magazine or watch porn with their friends. Whatever the reason is, these kids are very easily influenced to watch porn by their friends, which is the first step in this process. Also, the brain changes in many ways during these years. The decision makes or prefrontal cortex and frontal lobes are growing. These enable young people to make ethical decisions and their own judgments. So, when a young child is watching porn, which by the way 88% of porn contains violence against women, the decisions or judgments made by a child can be very well stunted on shaped around what they see in porn.

 

Image result for bad porn, what influence does porn actually have on these young people, and how can that affect them as they grow to become adults? In general, the effects of porn on young people are extensive. Anything from supporting violence to even racism. Starting with violence. As a young child when your watching a porn website that is titled: “Bitch Gets Her Throat Pounded Until She Gags”, they might have no idea what any of that means, but when they click on it and see the violent behavior, they will be shocked, but eventually may become attracted to that behavior and want to actually act it out. Something like this, a child as young as 11 years old may not be able to, but when they do have sex or become adults, they want to do that to other females. Don’t get me wrong there are females out there that may like that, but what one has to understand is that porn is a business. These women are being paid to look like they’re enjoying these acts, even though in reality it is causing no pleasure at all. Racism. Present in Porn, but overlooked because it seems like there are communication and consent for these people to be portrayed with these stereotypes. Porn videos with Hispanic’s role-playing as immigrants. African- American men being seen as dominating an “innocent, vulnerable” white women. Young children are seeing these videos also. Imagine the effect this will have on a developing child. Most racists have always been racist and are because of their parent’s belief. So when you watch a racist porn video at a young age, you know no better than to carry those stereotypes with you along the way into your adulthood.

   

Image result for porn mess up relationshipPorn also tremendously makes disconnections between people and even making it harder for adults to build relationships. Noah Church, a young man who watched porn in his early years got into a relationship with a woman. When about to have sexual intercourse, he expected his body to react totally different than how it did. If porn affected this mans bodily reactions to seeing a real woman’s body, it just shows how influential it is on changing the way people experience sex. There is not much real in the world anymore. Plastic surgery is even introduced in porn. Women and men change their bodies to look “perfect”. In real life no man now woman looks perfect, therefore porn is a very harmful factor on real men and women having connections between each other even with all their flaws.  

 

In conclusion, the effects that porn have on young people’s minds in perceiving things that in the real world wouldn’t even be naturally possible give us an idea of the type of people that will be in this world. My title, Come To Mommy- Porn is meant to explain how just like a parent can be influential and can raise a child, porn can do exactly the same thing. The people who will grow off the fantasies that the porn industry are selling will be of characteristics such as violence, racism, and unrealistic sexual expectations. With the continuation of porn, it will affect gender roles, masculinity, femininity, and real connections as we know it.

 

References

 

Joe Latham (2017). The effects of pornography on children and young people. Australian Government.

Hank Pellissier. (2018). Inside The Tweeners Brain. Great Schools.

(2016). How Much of Porn Depicts Violence Against Women? Psychology Today.

Amy Morin. 11-Year-Old Child Development Milestones. Very Well Family.

Belinda Luscombe. (2016). Porn- And the threat of virility. .