discourse-communities-final-draft
This piece involves the description of the habits, lingo, and behavior of a particular Discourse community that I’m involved in: VMI wrestling. This project required an interview that was sent out to members of the community, allowing for a mix of opinions, personalities, and perspectives regarding the community itself.
Discourse Communities
WR 101, Section 4
Date Due: 2 Dec. 2016
Date Sub.: 2 Dec. 2016
Paper No. 3
Help Received: Writing About Writing, The Idea of Community in the Study of Writing, Literacy, Discourse, and Linguistics: Introduction, Google Dictionary
Kameron Warlitner
There are dozens of ways in which human beings can be categorized. Race, hair color, height, weight, shoe size, and gender are just a few simple examples. On top of that, sometimes it is ideas or language that categorize us. Known as discourse communities, the use of certain language in a group can be considered a form of social behavior, and involves the maintaining and extending of the specific group’s knowledge as well as the initiation of new members to the group. So, in understandable English, what exactly does that mean? Well, generally, it involves common behavior, speech, actions, and ideas of a group of people. This could involve slang, traditions, and even the way individuals dress and present themselves could cause them to be affiliated with a specific discourse community.
The concept of discourse communities is nothing new. John Swales, Joseph Harris, and James Gee have taken on the challenge of using their education in order to explain discourse communities in very different, complex ways. John Swales identifies what characteristics must be met for a group to be considered a discourse community:
1.) A discourse community has a broadly agreed set of common public goals.
2.) A discourse community has mechanisms of intercommunication among its members.
3.) A discourse community uses its participatory mechanisms primarily to provide information and feedback.
4.) A discourse community utilizes and hence possesses one or more genres in the communicative furtherance of its aims.
5.) In addition to owning genres, a discourse community has acquired some specific lexis.
6.) A discourse community has a threshold level of members with a suitable degree of relevant content and discoursal expertise.
Joseph Harris believes in the concept of an individual being able to adopt not one but multiple discourses, shaping them into the individual that they are today. As stated in one of his works: “one does not step cleanly and wholly from one community to another, but is caught instead in an always changing mix of dominant, residual, and emerging discourses.”[1] In another section of his writing, Harris brings up the that individuals are often implicated in not one but several discourses, a number of communities, whose beliefs and practices conflict as well as align, and that no discourse is repudiated or chosen wholly. [2]
On the complete opposite hand, Professor James Paul Gee believes that being involved in a discourse community is not only language itself, but a combination of saying (writing), doing, being, valuing, and believing, and that Discourses are ways of being in the world. [3] Gee expresses in his writing that we all adopt what is known as a primary Discourse, which is an individual’s initial discourse. This initial discourse, also known as a primary discourse, initially allows these individuals to make sense of the world around them. Gee explains how an individual can only be fully involved with one primary discourse. In other words, one cannot be involved with more than one primary discourse at a time, and once an individual is involved with a discourse, it remains their discourse. Other discourses that are not home-based, such as church, school, and one’s workplace, are known as secondary discourses, which can be identified by the way that we are “apprentices” within those specific communities. Other concepts described by Gee are dominant and non-dominant discourses, where dominant discourses are secondary discourses that bring with it the acquisition of social “goods” upon the mastery of it. Non-dominant discourses are secondary discourses that bring solidarity with a particular group upon mastery.[4]
Upon researching the concepts of Harris, Gee, and Swales, I decided to conduct my own research regarding the VMI wrestling team as its own discourse community. It seems that, when involving Swales’ way of interpreting discourse communities, that the wrestling team fits the characteristics put in place. When applying Swales’ ideals to VMI wrestling, it seems that, according to some of its members, that the discourse and attitudes involved with VMI wrestling are so unique, in fact, that members adopt wrestling as their primary discourse. However, it seems that VMI wrestling, as a discourse, has the ability to affect other discourses while remaining a discourse that cannot be easily effected.
In conducting this social experiment, a survey was needed in order to recognize certain lexis, goals, and common characteristics amongst the community’s members. An eleven-question email was sent to all the members of the community via email. With the issue involving the little free-time given to student and the desire to get a decent response from the members, it was required that the members only answer a few questions out of the entire survey. Each member was given a deadline of four days to complete the survey and turn the survey back into me via email, enabling the convenience of being able to fill it out at each member’s discretion.
When interviewing members of the VMI wrestling community, three members responded with their own experiences within the community. Kevin Keaveney (a member with less than one year of experience in the group), Robery Dupont (another new member with less than one year of experience in the group), and Jake Tomlinson (a veteran of the three with almost three years of experience within the group) were asked specific questions about the lingo, actions, and characteristics involved with the wrestling community and had their responses recorded. When asked on the topic of what lingo was only used amongst the VMI community, the three answered with various yet similar responses. Kevin Keaveney drew attention to the phrase “2!”, which is often used to express when a fellow wrestler manages to take his or her opponent down. Robery DuPont pointed the phrase “running the pipe” out. This phrase is used to describe a specific move involving the control of one’s opponent. In support of these two statements, Jake Tomlinson stated that just about all moves and techniques involved in wrestling, which are used almost daily within the wrestling community, are unique and cannot be confused with lexis from other communities. Some of these phrases include “cutting”, describing the concept of cutting excess amount of weight and a very short time through sweating.
Going with Swales’ style of thinking, members were asked what image was involved when becoming a member of the VMI wrestling community, and how wrestling could remain unaffected by other communities yet be known to affect them. When asked if it is possible to be as equally embedded with another community, Robert Dupont responded “how good at wrestling do you want to be?” This phrase, in my opinion, perfectly describes how involved one has to become with wrestling. Although all college sports require incredible commitment, it is agreed upon by members of the entire VMI wrestling community that playing other sports does not affect wrestling performance yet wrestling affects the performance of members while they play other sports. This solidifies how VMI wrestling can be solidified as a primary discourse and therefore begin to change the individuals into noticeable members of the community. According to Jake Tomlinson, VMI wrestling are very noticeable around post due to their dedication, the shape that they’re in, and how natural respect comes to VMI wrestling because of it being a “considerably more difficult sport” than others. These factors, along with the confidence that comes with wrestling, allows for wrestlers to stand out in a crowd. That, and the unmistakable cauliflower ear that plagues some members of this community.
While there are various discourse communities around the campus of VMI, wrestling may be one of the ones with the most notoriety. However, with having a population of only 30 or so members, the VMI wrestling is not a considerably large community that affects a wide range of individuals, yet this size enables for its members to be easily recognizable and unique. While VMI wrestling is its own community, it allows for great diversity even amongst its own members. This ability allows for a very wide range of personalities to make VMI wrestling an even more distinctive community than it already is.
Work Cited
Keaveney, Kevin. “Re: Interview.” Received by Kameron Warlitner, 17 Nov. 2016
Dupont, Robert. “Re: Interview.” Received by Kameron Warlitner, 17 Nov. 2016
Tomlinson, Jake. “Re: Interview.” Received by Kameron Warlitner, 17 Nov. 2016
[1] The Idea of Community in the Study of Writing pg. 588, Chapter 5, p. 20
[2] The Idea of Community in the Study of Writing pg. 589, Chapter 5, p. 23
[3] Literacy, Discourse, and Linguistics: Introduction pg. 484, Chapter 4, p. 5
[4] Literacy, Discourse, and Linguistics: Introductions pg. 485, Chapter 4, p. 11