Reflective Writing

Before taking Rhetorical Traditions I, my knowledge of rhetoric was simply that it was a style of argumentative writing based on the three appeals: ethos, logos, and pathos. After having taken the first test and writing the first paper in Rhetorical Traditions I, I have realized that rhetoric is more of a strategy or study of persuasion that can be applied not just in writing, but in speech, social media, art, and countless other areas of communication and language.

Studying for the first test, I learned about the origins of western rhetoric in Ancient Greece, specifically Athens. I learned how the changing political climates fostered an environment that would allow rhetoric to develop and flourish. We specifically focused on famous sophists and rhetoricians who taught rhetoric. We analyzed the views of these men, such as how Plato was against the use of rhetoric and how Aristotle sought to perfect rhetoric.

After researching and writing the first paper, I was able to focus on how a particular rhetorician, Isocrates, contributed to the development of rhetoric in Ancient Athens. I was able to research Isocrates’ criticisms and praises of rhetoric and how he sought to teach a certain use of rhetoric.

Having earned an A on the first test, I would attribute my success in the class to the environment of the class. The class isn’t a strict lecture with specific material that needs to taught, rather there are key ideas and concepts that we address and discuss. The class discussions and arguments allows for the exchange of ideas and for me specifically, allowed me to look at the concepts being discussed from completely different views.

Plato’s Reconciliation with Rhetoric

In Plato’s Gorgias, Plato reject’s rhetoric as false art of flattery. Plato assumes the role of Socrates and Gorgias and engages in a dialogue about the legitimacy of rhetoric as a techne. As Socrates, Plato mercilessly attacks Gorgias and his ideas, asserting that rhetoric is a corrupt art used for self-gain. However, in Plato’s Phaedrus, he asserts a different view. Plato suggests that rhetoric, when used to better the individual’s soul and for the good of society, is a valid art.

Like in Gorgias, in Phaedrus Plato assumes the roles of Socrates and Phaedrus and engages in dialogue about love, the soul, and particularly rhetoric. Plato through Socrates suggests that using speech to bring order to society and the soul is a moral use of rhetoric. Contrary to in Gorgias, Socrates says that this use of rhetoric can be considered a techne, whose foundations lay in understanding the soul and truth. Plato asserts that mastery of this techne lies in understanding the different types of souls, their parts (love, honor, and lust), and how to best persuade them. Although it does involve persuasion, Plato’s techne of rhetoric’s aim is to promote and work toward a healthy soul and state.

In Phaedrus, we are introduced to a view in sharp contrast to the views Plato typically shares about rhetoric. Plato seems to recognize that rhetoric, when studied and used properly, can greatly benefit the individual and the state. Considering how strongly Plato rejects rhetoric in Gorgias, the views he presents in Phaedrus are surprising at first glance. However, when you realize that Plato actively engages in the use of rhetoric, it’s no surprise that Plato can come to the conclusion that rhetoric has moral uses, especially since Plato seems to see himself as morally righteous.

Help Received: Herrick – Chapter 3