Soviet-Era Action in Today’s World: The Implications of Russia’s Aggression

The world in which we live is one of many problems, seemingly magnified and multiplied by modern communication technologies. Since the 20th century blooms of Marxist-Leninist communism and totalitarianism in the East, communist-based powers have had a history with global conflicts of this kind. The Russian State has made global headlines in the six months with its sudden aggression towards border nation Ukraine. These recent actions taken by the regime present an immediate threat to freedom and the current world order. This conflict waged by means of manipulation and escalation on Ukraine negatively affects both her people and all who live westward.
When analyzing a geopolitical controversy of this magnitude it is essential to identify any biases and assumptions, as well as the warrants for the argument itself. To explore the implications of the Russia-Ukraine conflict is arguably rooted in a western perspective, as it might stem from concern for one’s own wellbeing as an outside, but related, entity; this assumes that the term “Westerner” is defined as one who lives in a democratic nation west of the conflict area, European, American, or otherwise. An assumption of some also when observing the impacts of the conflict is that Russia is the aggressor, supported by the reported insertion of Russian operatives first into separatist territories of Ukraine, then the emergence of widespread
ground warfare soon thereafter. This narrative is widely endorsed by “free” western nations and refuted by Russian sources, making it an area of controversy. For there to even be discussion of this kind requires the assumption that it is a two-sided issue as well, leading many to an “us versus them” position. Though perhaps a product of popular news media, there have been deep divisions between the Russian State and much of the West in modern history to warrant its title of adversary. These are just a few aspects to consider—the complications of the matter warrant various perspectives.
Since the birth of this modern Russian state the Kremlin has been implicated in fueling several major world conflicts such as the string of military involvements in the Middle East (Iraq, Afghanistan, etc.), in which it aided enemy militant groups. These are characteristic of a nation that, like others, aims for global dominance economically, militarily, and territorially—just pursued by unconventional means. Conflict in Ukraine with Russian involvement, though popular in the world news of 2022, is the sequel to a much older saga. There was a military incursion in 2014 similar to today’s resulting in Russia’s absorption of the Crimean Peninsula; this is an area of criticism by Ukrainian President Vladimir Zelensky, known for his bold opposition to Russia’s aggression. Ukraine’s relation to Russia is as easily understood as described by Jonathan Masters, Deputy Managing Editor for the Council on Foreign Relations: “Ukraine was a cornerstone of the Soviet Union… it was the second-most-populous and –powerful of the fifteen Soviet republics, home to much of the union’s agricultural production, defense industries, and military, including the Black Sea Fleet and some of the nuclear arsenal. Ukraine was so vital to the union that its decision to sever ties in 1991 proved to be a coup de grâce for the ailing superpower” (Masters). One may argue that the Soviet Union, former mother country to Ukraine, has been indisposed for over thirty years, and therefore is not directly
relevant. However, according to experts such as retired Army Colonel Robert B. James, Jr., Russian President Putin’s roots in the KGB and heritage to the USSR make the territories’ history relevant (James). James is currently an established member of the International Relations department at Virginia Military Institute, a professor in several of its fields and current Mary Moody Northern Chair, with several personal experiences with the Kremlin, both before and after the fall of the Iron Curtain. While the country’s history with Russia may prove it magnetic to conflict, the existing division between a Euro-aligned West and a culturally Russian-tied East has caused internal strife as well (Masters). It could be argued that between its lack of unity and geographic enormity, Ukraine was more easily accessible to Russian forces prior to ongoing warfare.
By knowing the history of this region, the impacts of the evolving situation are made clearer. CNN published a statement made by US President Biden during the conflict’s earlier stages claiming the ambiguity of Putin’s motives behind the invasion of Ukraine (CNN). Though there has since been advancement of intel and coverage of the conflict, there is still debate over many aspects of the Russian government and its leader, including crackdown of protest by the war by Russian citizens, as well as his own ties to the former Soviet Union and mental wellbeing. These factors cause prediction of the extent of the conflict to be unknown, so most discussion over its development are speculation. This aside, it is still crucial to measure its known and unknown, potential effects.
Most immediately concerning is the “Ukraine Crisis’” impact on the Ukrainian people, the alleged victims of Russian aggression and atrocities in the region. In comparison with other modern warzones, such as Afghanistan or Syria, the technological development in Ukraine allow social and news media more access; this, in addition to other arguable factors, has raised popular
support for Ukraine in the West. Video footage and live reports from on-site news personnel have proven effective in villainizing the Russian military, evoking sympathy from those outside. According to The Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, reported civilian casualties amounted to 902 dead and 1,459 injured as of 20 March, 2022 (Hernandez). This statistic, three weeks old and only accounting for confirmed totals, is an understatement. Human rights organizations and disaster relief groups have worked to provide necessary resources, treat and relocate survivors and refugees, as well as uncover those whose fates remain unknown. The following are, according to CNBC, some from a list of reputable charities aiding Ukraine in relief efforts: UNICEF USA, Americares, Mercy Corps, World Hope International, and World Help (Dickler). This conflict is unlike how we view many modern examples in how it is largely located in occupied areas, contributing to higher civilian casualties than often reported. Death count is not the only consequence, however; the nature of the Russian invasion has made for possible long-lasting familial trauma, emergency displacement, loss of livelihood, and economic downturn, to name a few. The conflict, with heinous effects to the civilian population, has also tested Ukrainian military durability. There was much concern voiced by western nations regarding the scale of Russia’s military power in relation to Ukraine’s defenses; remarkably, though, it is reported that despite a significant inequality in air power between the warring nations, Ukrainian army and members of its foreign legion have mounted an effective hold against their aggressors, making use of landscape familiarity and western-supplied weaponry. Still, the expenses of the government of Ukraine and Russian brutality prove alarming to the West. Further involvement on the part of the NATO nations is yet to be seen as tensions continue to rise.
For many the unpredictable violence of the world as reported in the news has led to desensitization, thus detaching them from the conflict’s effects. War in Ukraine is not just a statistic-generating headline, however; the ongoing violence with Russia holds implications for the West as well. “Prior to the outbreak of the war, most key global macroeconomic variables were seen as returning to normality over 2022-23 following the COVID-19 pandemic,” claims the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), a research group with a focus on global policy. OECD cites improvements in the market and less restrictive public policy before the ignition of conflict; at the current rate, the conflict “could, if sustained, reduce global GDP growth by over 1 percentage point in the first year,” and further a negative trend for many markets, food and energy among them (OECD). Warfare has historically held consequences on the economy, and the West is especially no stranger to its effects. Both World Wars drove technological development and required a hefty workforce, providing opportunities, too, for more women to work than ever before. For the United States economy, the Second World War proved to be “the most extraordinary mobilization of an idle economy in the history of the world… During the war 17 million new civilian jobs were created, industrial productivity increased by 96 percent” (Goodwin). Though the current conflict in Ukraine has fueled the war industry, with companies such as Lockheed Martin at a five year high of $468.03 per share (Shwab), many other areas of the market are suffering. The economy is not the only concern for those in the West, though. A question perhaps on the minds of Ukrainians, as well as citizens of neighboring nations, is what NATO nations might do in response to continually escalating violence. Following an emergency meeting between NATO and G-7 nations in March, the West imposed further economic sanctions on Russia targeting their gold reserves, allowed for increased refuge to displaced Ukrainians, as well as “some discussion about the need for NATO
to be ready to deal with the potential use of chemical, biological or nuclear weapons by Russia, an official told reporters. The United States is already taking steps to enhance its readiness and ability to respond to any such incidents, and to work with NATO and a task force it has to deal with these kinds of attacks” (Keith). These actions have served to address Russian aggression in the moment, but addressing to the criticism of some, may not be effective enough. As mentioned previously, the full extent of the Kremlin’s plans for Ukraine is still not recognized; it is dependent on the degree to which Putin escalates conflict that direct western involvement occurs.
The moves made by the Russia of today reflect behavior of the past: power grabs through expansion and military power, aggressive economic policy, and skewed information to reduce the negative perception of their actions. This actively developing attack by Russia on its former satellite Ukraine’s border present threats to free people everywhere, tying together the innocent lives in country and those who watch from the West. The world watches in wait of the next headline, the next sanction, the next public statement—many with underlying fears of the next large scale multinational conflict. These concerns raise questions about the extent to which countries such as the United States, Britain, and allies should act to better the interests of all, not just those who live within their borders. In constant development, there may be no “correct” answer to this issue, now or ever; all one can do is remain informed and perhaps expand the scope of his or her concern for the fellow man.

 

 

 

Works Cited

“Biden Says No One Knows What Putin Will Do after White House Called Russian Invasion of Ukraine ‘Imminent’.” CNN, Cable News Network, 25 Jan. 2022, https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/25/politics/white-houseukraine-russia/index.html. 9 Feb. 2022.
“About OECD ILibrary.” OECD ILibrary, https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/oecd/about. Dickler, Jessica. “Here’s a List of the Top-Rated Charities to Help the Ukraine Relief Effort.” CNBC, CNBC, 9 Mar. 2022, https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/09/heres-a-list-of-top-rated-charities-to-help-the-ukraine-relief-effort.html.
Goodwin, Doris. “The Way We Won: America’s Economic Breakthrough during World War II.” The American Prospect, 19 Dec. 2001, https://prospect.org/health/way-won-america-s-economic-breakthrough-world-war-ii/.
Hernandez, Joe. “More than 900 Civilians Have Died in Ukraine. the True Number Is Likely Much Higher.” NPR, NPR, 20 Mar. 2022, https://www.npr.org/2022/03/20/1087781833/ukraine-deaths-casualties.
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