The period of time known as the enlightenment dealt with revolutions, specifically the American and French revolution. However, during this time period, many advances were made in the fields of philosophy with John Locke and Descartes as well as in science with Newton. For me, these three men made rhetoric an art. Both Locke and Descartes influenced the revolutions in America and France, using their philosophical texts as means to inspire the revolutions. By doing this, Americans and the French took these ideals to heart when drafting constitutions, constitutions that still exist to this day. To be an art, in my opinion, is to last, to be studied, and each of these constitutions meet these qualifications. In regards to Newton, science at this time became a major focus, especially with his discovery of gravity. Science in and of its self is an art, it lasts, influences new discoveries, and can be studied. Therefore, this adds to the idea that enlightenment rhetoric shows rhetoric as an art.