CIS Notes Up to Midterm

Introduction to human communication:

Metaphysics

Epistemology is the study of how we come to know:

Debate over Science vs. FaithObservation vs. FeelingDeduction and InductionThe Saussurean legacy of the arbitrariness of signs leads
semioticians to stress that the relationship between thesignifier and the signified is conventional – dependent onsocial and cultural conventions
Ontology is the study of what it means to be or study
of being:
What makes a human, human? Sex, carnivore, meaning
seekers?
What makes an interface useful? Does it conform to
users needs

Communication Models

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Structure of language

Phonemes or MorphemesWordsSentencesGrammar  and SyntaxSemanticsDiscoursePragmaticsStory Grammar

Semiotics or Semiology – Study of Signs
Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913), founder of semiotics (in
his Course in General Linguistics, 1916).

Dissemination of Innovation

is a theory that seeks to explain how, why, and at what rate new ideas and technology spread through
cultures (E. Rogers)
 Diffusion is the process by which an innovation
is communicated through certain channels overtime among the members of a social system
 The origins of the diffusion of innovations theory
are varied and span multiple disciplines.

Trademarks is a word, name, symbol or device
which is used in trade with goods to indicate the
source of the goods and to distinguish them from the goods of others.

Patents for an invention is the grant of a property right to the inventor, issued by the Patent and Trademark Office.

Copyright protects the form of expression rather than the subject matter of the writing

Adoption of Innovation Theory the relative speed with which members of a social system adopt an

innovation until CRITICAL MASS.

Adopter categories

 Innovators Early adopters Early majority Late majority Laggards

Consequences of Adoption

(Rogers)

 Desirable (benefit) vs. undesirable (cost) Direct vs indirect (Ex. direct cost: related to financial
uncertainty and the economic state of the actor;indirect cost: need to buy a new kind of pesticide to use innovative seeds)
 Anticipated vs. Unanticipated

(Wejnert) Public vs.Private:

Early Communication Systems (Nonwritten):

Smoke Signals

To alert others of multiple situations:
To warn of dangerTo call the people to a common meeting areaTo transmit news
Ancient skill stems from the larger category of American
Indian non-verbal communication
Each tribe had their own unique language

Oral Traditions 

Cultures that are entirely dependent on oral traditions with limited histories of record keeping are generally undeveloped as in the case o the Philippine and African oramedias discussed in class.

 Drums (not elaborated on in class)

Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic’

 A syllabic script that was used for writing Mycenaean Greek, the
earliestattestedform of Greek
 The script predates the Greek alphabet by several centuries. The oldest
Mycenaean writing datesto about 1450 BC
 It is descended from the older Linear A, an undeciphered earlier script
used forwriting the Minoan language
 Found mainly in the palace archives and disappeared with the fall of
Mycenaean civilization during the BronzeAge Collapse
 Consistsof around 87 syllabicsigns and over 100 ideographicsigns
Mycenaean scribe between 1450 and 1350 B.C. LINEAR B was deciphered asGreek in 1952 by Michael Ventris.

Early 2oth century

Typewriter:
Early innovations
 Typewriters were invented and
developed incrementally by numerousinventors
 1575 – A machine to impress letters in
papers by an Italian printmaker
Rampazzetto
 By mid-19C, the increasing business
communications created a need formechanization of the writing process
 1855 – Italian Ravizza created a prototype
enabling the user see the writing as it wastyped
 1867 – Fully functioning prototype
 1829 to 1870 – Many patented but no
commercial production
 1895 – Brief production of the Ford type
writer
1870 – basic groundwork for the electric typewriter was laid
by the Universal Stock Ticker, invented by Thomas Edison
1902 – The first electric typewriter1914 – The first practical power-operated typewriter
1925 – Remington Electric typewriters powered by
Northeast’s motors
 1933 – IBM spent $1 million on a redesign of the Electromatic
Typewriter, launching the IBM Electric Typewriter Model 01
1941 – IBM announced the Electromatic Model 04, featuring
the revolutionary concept of proportional spacing
 In 1981, Xerox Corporation, introduced a line of ElectronicTypewriters incorporating daisy wheel technology (theMemorywriter product line)
Radio:
  • Roosevelt – Day that will live in infamy 60 million listeners
  • Hertz – invented an oscillator which could send and receive electrical waves equivalent to what we understand to be a radio transmission.
  • Marconni – develops antena to increase distance of radio transmissions.
  • Fezandun palys music over radio xmas w/ alexanderson alternator —brodcast am radio
  • sarnoff- business outlinig radio future to commercialize it and advertise it as a household item
  • ww1 armstrong superhederodyne modern radio with simplied controls
  • kdka – advertising
  • 1927 west to east broadcast

HR: In-Class Powerpoint lecturesj=

HR: In-Class Powerpoint lectures