Annotated Bibliography
Clunies Ross, Margaret, ed., The Old Norse Poetic Translations of Thomas Percy ( Making the Middle Ages 4), Turnhout, Brepols, 2001; hardback; pp. xiii, 290; RRP €55; ISBN 2503510779.
Thomas Percy book of the old Norse poetic translations is astonishing. The author is a well-known scholar around the globe as a man of language. He used Latin to decode Nordic culture. This article supports the overlying point of this paper because it shows how important poetry was to this culture’s rhetoric and the formation of storytelling by oral of mouth was sacred to Nordic cultures. Just like the passing of the stories of the god’s editors this source will be important in providing more information into Norse culture
Gaiman, Neil. Norse Mythology. First edition. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2017.
Neil Gaiman’s Norse mythology is an outstanding read. He is an award-winning author who wrote many books. His book Norse mythology talks about the lands of the Norse gods and how Nephilim is a land bound of fog. And Alfheim is the land of light, and Helheim is the land of the dead. Similar to Christian cultures the Norse mythology entails a heaven and a hell. And a set of rules you must follow to reach the desired haven known as Valhalla. His book starts off like the Christian bible in the book of genesis saying in the beginning there was nothing. And the world will end due to Ragnarök a battle which has already happened but is destined to come about again. Neil Gaiman is a credible source because he is a famous historian and expert on Norse mythology. I can use this source to strengthen my argument and exemplifies just how big Norse mythology was in the Nordic culture.
Looijenga, Tineke. 2003. Texts & Contexts of the Oldest Runic Inscriptions. p. 87.
Flowers, Stephen E. 1986. Runes and Magic: Magical Formulaic Elements in the Older Runic Tradition. p. 71-73.
Looijenga article about runic in Nordic culture is unique. The article touches the vast array of Nordic art and how runes were made to tell stories. Runes where rocks that have been drawn on or carved to tell something. Generally, in Nordic culture runes were used by the different Germanic tribes to show whose territory and rune it is. The god of gods Odin later sacrificed himself to understand the sacred meaning and power that the runes could give you. Rune work is a formidable art and also a means of literacy. It is a form of writing that is cherished by Nordic culture. I believe this author is credible because she gives examples of what one of the runes actually say. There is arithmetic to the madness. She is experienced in writing traditions and alphabet of western cultures.
Sorabella, Jean. “The Vikings (780–1100).” In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/vikg/hd_vikg.htm (October 2002)
The success of the Vikings depended on their skills as seamen and the excellence of their wooden ships. The seagoing craft recovered from a ninth-century burial at Gokstad in Norway demonstrates the ingenuity and the effectiveness of Viking ship design: fast, light, maneuverable, and flexible, it could be simply beached and quickly launched, rowed by oarsmen or sailed in any wind. “In 1893, an exact replica of the ship was sailed from Norway to Newfoundland in just 28 days. Scandinavian sagas record voyages of similar length. In the ninth century, Norwegian adventurers sailed to settle in Iceland and Ireland, Danish arrivals claimed territory in France and Britain, and Swedish Vikings established themselves in the river valleys of Russia.” This article by Sorabella, Jean depicts how cunning and marvelous Nordic art and designs where. Vikings were believed to be skilled in woodwork and metalwork and admired for their works. They were even distinguished craftsmen of their time, even though other civilizations to believe them ruthless and savage. She is credible because she is a art historian who is experienced in many cultures and has a degree in Nordic traditions. The source will help me in my next piece about more Norse culture
Wanner, Kevin J. “Cunning Intelligence in Norse Myth: Loki, Óðinn, and the Limits of Sovereignty.” History of Religions, vol. 48, no. 3, 2009, pp. 211–246. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/598231.
Norse mythology is the body of myths of north Germanic people stemming from Norse paganism and continuing after the Christianization of Scandinavia and the folklore of it.
Warner K.J article on the intelligence in Norse mythology is exponential. He first introduces Loki an Aesir god from the Asier tribe in Scandinavian culture. What warren is trying to convey is that Nordic mythology is cunning they were several factions in the mythology the Vanir the Asier and Jottun. He argues that each use “metis” which another word for cunning in Nordic culture is. He references the Nordic culture to that of Greek and how they both are similar. This author is credible I believe because he states why Loki is cunning. “Although we have not yet considered any narratives about him yet it is clear that the description of Loki that he embodies many of the qualities under the heading of metis.” This source is useful because it highlights how important and big Nordic culture was.
Viking History: Facts & Myths
By Ryan Goodrich, LiveScience Contributor | August 28, 2018 09:53pm ET
Ryan Goodrich article states that Many historians commonly associate the term “Viking” to the Scandinavian term Viking, a word for “pirate.” However, the term is meant to reference oversea expeditions, and was used as a verb by the Scandinavian people for when the men traditionally took time out of their summers to go “a Viking.” While many would believe these expeditions entailed the raiding of monasteries and cities along the coast, many expeditions were actually with the goal of trade and enlisting as foreign mercenaries. The author argues that these attacks derive from Christians persecuting pagans. The Vikings were a nomadic culture that supported pagan rituals.
http://norse-mythology.net/viking-social-classes/
The Viking society was divided into a hierarchy of four social classes. At the bottom were the slaves, above the slaves where the Karl’s, in the middle where the Jarls, and at the top where the royals, such as the Kings and Queens. You were not stuck your whole life if you were born into one of these social classes. It was possible to move up and down the social latter, depending on your luck and your choices in life. The author of this article is unknown so the credibility may not be there but he touché basses how Nordic culture political and social structure works. It was possible to make it out of each social; class depending on your deeds and how you lived your life.
Marcus Sedgwick the author of this article is not credible not too much is listed about him. His article does strengthen my argument. He shows how important the gods were the Germanic tribes named the days of the week after them. Nordic culture tells how the world will end simply just like the bible. Though it’s not Christendom its pagan and unorthodox rituatuals are what make it so widely breathtaking its an opinionated article and just does not provide enough facts on the matter at hand there al