Cecelia Ivey
Annotated Bibliography
HR: Internet, Google, Preston Library and their search, Instructor, In class discussion, The Purdue OWL, Course Materials, Syllabus, JSTOR, Word and its system aids, sections of pieces such as tables of contents and introductions to find pertinent information, skimmed through all sources but did not pick all parts to specifically use, xpressenglish.com, beginning of story following the Hand piece, Peer review, Mrs. Drake at the Writing Center, Author descriptions Preston Library place in books, penguinrandomhous.com for author credentials, heinonline.org foe author credentials, irishjurist.com for author credentials, ancient.eu and slu.acedemia.edu and cla.purdue.edu and attw.org for author credentials, onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu and Wikipedia.org for author credentials, Britannica.com for author credentials, ePortfolio and its system aids.
Cecelia E. Ivey
The culture I chose for my project is that of the Irish. They are a magical group of people who love to tell stories. They are also very resilient because good gosh did people try to take them over many many times. They have very unique ways of handling their society. I hope to showcase that to show how important their rhetoric was.
Bottigheimer, Karl S. Ireland and the Irish. Columbia University Press, 1982, pp. 1-112.
For this source I focused on history. The book begins with the history of the land mass that is Ireland in the physical sense. The landscape plays into Ireland being a sectioned culture where people are very cut off from each other. Speaking on people arriving, it is thought that near 6800 BCE people entered Ireland. Then comes the artwork. Stone showed the first glimpse at artistry and later metal. Religion is addressed as well. The source goes into that monasteries were places of education and art. Another religious point that the book also spoke of is in the 5thcentury CE, St. Patrick from England returned after his captivity in Ireland and he brought Christian values that had more of an Asian and Mediterranean flare than Roman. This connected the Irish to this area of the world. Arriving next were the Vikings in the eighth century eventually were more peaceful. Due to the Vikings, merchant life from the north was brought in. New Vikings arrived but the King of Munster stopped it all in early 11th century. When he passed Ireland was in upheaval. Following the Vikings were the Normans. They come and with the hierarchal problems of Ireland they get control and link with England. Still due to inorganization, Ireland is hard to mesh. As Normans phased out the Scots phased in, but they failed as well. On another note, the preceding people that came to Ireland had their own effects on religion. This source is important because it lays the ground work for the history of the country and can be used to supplement why the culture appears how it does or why the primary pieces are written how they are. This author proves his credibility by being a teacher of the history of Ireland and has written other titles on Ireland. He is a part of an Irish committee as well.
Carson, Ciaran. The Táin. Viking, 2008.
For this novel, I am utilizing it as a primary source because it is one of the main books from the older days of Ireland. It ages back to the Ultser cycle which is one of the four myth categories previously mentioned within a source. It is known as Táin Bó Cúailnge. It shows many of the aspects of Irish culture and history. That fact also relates this source extremely well to the other secondary sources for this project because this primary source shows first hand the musical and mystical ways of the Irish and it shows the main ideas those secondary sources offered. The secondary sources led to this well known book because they reference it. This piece is credible because it comes from those that lived in Ireland in the time period being studied. It is a translation by an author who has received an Irish book award for one of his pieces. He has received other honors as well. The fact that this piece shows the Irish traditions will be crucial for example in my writing in the future.
Celtic Fairy Tales. “Hudden and Dudden and Donald O’Neary.” A Harvest of World Folk Tales, edited by Milton Rugoff, The Viking Press, Inc., 1949, pp. 494-499.
From this collection I have chosen to use the Irish story known as “Hudden and Dudden and Donald O’Neary”. I found on xpressenglish.com that this tale may be from the 1000s. to speak on the work, this piece showcases the music tone and bouncy wording of the Irish way of life and speaking. For example, “ ‘Good evening, Hudden. Good evening, Dudden. Ah! You thought you had played me a fine trick, but you never did me a better turn in all your lives.’” (496). Also, this piece shows the neglect of core Irish values that the secondary sources brought about such as generosity. It is helpful to see what an Irish piece actually looks and reads like rather than reading what it should appear as. This is helpful in that this primary source like the other ties to the secondary sources’ main ideas. The piece shows firsthand, which helps its credibility, how the Irish wrote and what they believed. The editor of this work has a doctorate in literature and has taught as well as edited for other entities. It will be very helpful for showing examples of main principles.
Hand , G. J. “ A Note on the Early Irish Chancery.” The Irish Jurist, vol. 5, no. 2, 1970, pp. 291-293. JSTOR, www-jstor-org.vmiezproxy.vmi.edu/stable/44027579?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents. Accessed 9 Sept. 2018.
I focused on history with this source. This article touches on the legal aspects of Irish history, but is very vague. The article brings up Ireland having a parliament and first laws made in certain areas of crime. Next, the piece also begins to compare Ireland to the English law because there were differences of the two. Lastly, the article attempts to debunk misconceptions of Irish law. I think even though it is not as in depth, this source is useful in that it begins to show the legal system of the Irish. It touchs on that new topic of research that is the legal system. I believe this topic is a crucial part of Irish history because the laws of a certain area set most of the parameters that the rest of the history will play out within. The author of this article is credible because he is one of the leaders of this journal and has writing multiple pieces within it.
Johnson-Sheehan, Richard. “11 Orality, Magic, and Myth in Ancient Irish Rhetoric.” Ancient Non-Greek Rhetorics, Edited by Carol S. Lipson and Roberta A. Binkley, Parlor Press LLC, 2009, pp. 267-292, Accessed 8 Sept. 2018.
I focused on rhetoric for this source. In this chapter of this work, the rhetorical traditions of Ireland are showcased. This source places emphasis on the spoken word in the Irish society as well as them being strong practitioners of magic and poetry. Another point this source emphasizes is the four categories of the myths Irish placed so much importance upon. They are mythological which involve tales, ultonian which focuses on King Conor man Nessa, Ossianic which focuses on king Finn, and the historical which is a melting pot. The source also speaks of the themes of Irish writing such as, reiterating points until they are major beliefs. When the traditional values or agreement cannot be reached, since it is the main purpose, the people of Irish tales turn to hostility and magic. So, persuasion is more of a side effect unlike the way persuasion seems to take front and center stage of western rhetoric. Due to having one of the same authors these first two sources overlap quite a bit, but each brings up their own helpful points. They can also be utilized to build upon one another. The piece discusses the educational value of Irish rhetoric that kept it alive. There is the utilization of scribed symbols. Magic is also seen to be an accessory of maintain Irish culture such as the ranking in the social theater. Another huge aspect of the Irish writing is satire. The important pieces can be grabbed from this piece and the other sources so the whole of the sources can intertwine with one another to make a more solid case. The sources can all supplement one another because some off them fill gaps that others leave open as well as some supply more detail on topics brought up in other sources. This author is an instructor, has received a doctorate in the field of English as well as honors for his writing. He has also reviewed the work of others.
Johnson-Sheehan, Richard, and Paul Lynch. “Rhetoric of Myth, Magic, and Conversion: A Prolegomena to Ancient Irish Rhetoric.” Rhetoric Review, vol. 26, no. 3, 2007, pp. 233-252. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/20176789? seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents. Accessed 7 Sept. 2018.
I focused on the rhetoric of Ireland with this article. The piece covers from prior to the 5th century BCE to around the era of Saint Patrick which was around the 5th century CE. The article speaks of the oral traditions that were major in Ireland. To begin, it speaks of the Druids which were analogous to the Sophists according to the author of the piece. European rhetoric did not touch Ireland until near 1200 CE. Unlike much of the western world, Ireland did not go through a big lull, so they have a undisturbed history. Their rhetoric is toward their agricultural ways. The Irish times began around the 5th and 6th centuries with the showing up of the Celts peacefully. With the Celts, entered their religion of Drudism that had major ties to tales, naturalism, verse, mystic ways, and lyrical practices. The thoughts of their religion are hard to tell because they did not record them. On another note, Ireland did still exchange with other western areas. Also, records of history started with St. Patrick in the 5th century. More on rhetoric is that the myths of Ireland include tales of the creation of Ireland and religion. Poetry is utilized as persuasive methods in the tales. The original writing method of the Irish is Ogham, who’s namesake is the verbal god, Ogma. The ways of Irish rhetoric can be seen in the three legend types of Invasions which speaks of the coming of the Celts, Ultonian which speak of the king of Ulster around the first century CE, and Fenian which talks of High King Finn of the third century CE. Myths do not bring about facts but give knowledge with their themes. topics being said over and over kept Irish rhetoric around. The main points driven home by Irish rhetoric and molded how people carried themselves were loyalty, generosity, courage, and beauty. Irish rhetoric even has negative uses for rhetoric like satire in their tales. The famous speakers keep rhetoric and mystic intertwined. Theses were the aes dana. Lastly, the rhetoric of Ireland had major aspects of spells. This article will help my study because the piece gives great details on the rhetoric of the Irish and it can used to compare with my other gathered sources and give examples of the Irish ways. The authors here are credible because they both have degrees within the English field, are teachers, and have received honors for there work. They also review the work of others.
Joyce, P W. A Social History of Ancient Ireland, vol. 1, Longmans, Green, And Co., 1903.
I focused on culture in this source. I tried to list the important aspects of Irish life from this novel. To list some descriptions of the Irish: the Irish were hunters, took in travelers, violent when not at regular get togethers, utilized loud colors, utilized barter and traded with western countries. The Irish had courts. Also, learning was available to even the less fortunate and apprentice learning was utilized. The people of Ireland lived in circle, wooden homes with a protective barrier, garden, and play spot. Ruling was organized in a certain way. Then, war was another section of Irish life. Next there was the class system to be discussed in regards to Ireland. There were 5 categories, but one could move. There were kings, nobles, not noble but were free with land, not noble but were free without land, and not free. Some at the worse off were slaves. Status was based on how much land one had. The organization of society was from the smallest up, family, then sept, then clan, then tribe. They all involved some ancestor alike. They could adopt people, but permission was needed, but that person did not have all privileges. Moving to when it came to laws, judges were brehons and poets used to be simultaneously judges. Some laws were only for areas. There was no main legislation. The Irish had they own way of carrying out rules and laws. The Irish also had rules about land and who possessed what and how it moved. Next is religion. Irish people were originally pagan. When Christianity came it was organized in levels and had its own way of working. When it came to schooling there was religious and secular. Lastly, they had their own special way of handling medical affairs. This source adds into the knowledge available to showcase the Irish and helps to validate claims also made in other sources. The basic culture of this source can show for example why the writing in very magical because that was a big part of Irish culture. This author hails from Ireland and is a historian and a writer and a teacher. He has written more than one Irish piece. He was on Irish committees as well.
O’Faolain, Sean. The Irish A Character Study. The Devin-Adair Company, 1949, pp. i-102.
I looked at the cultural aspects of this book. The Irish had a mystical or other worldliness culture. They had gods and Christianity comes but adapts and does not destroy the magic that Irish people believe in, a lot of imagination. The Normans gave help to a monastic religion to function. The imagination changed with the culture and it meshed with the tangible. Some aspects of the Irish were that they were free and athletic and they were known for farming. Their life was around the family model. The Normans brought about towns. The family rulers stepped up into new roles and the Irish were now increasingly feudal. Eventually a renter culture was set up. Ireland moved to less agricultural because land went poor. Although, the soup of the influence of all that came threatened Ireland. The Irish never give up. This source is crucial because it shows the culture and how that ties into the aspect shown in the other sources such as rhetoric. This author is credible because he has taught on the subject of Ireland and hails from Ireland. He has also been an editor for Ireland as well as director for an art committee of Ireland.