Cecelia Ivey
Annotated Bibliography
HR: Google, Preston Library and their search, Instructor, In class discussion, The Purdue OWL, Course Materials, Syllabus, JSTOR, Word and its system aids, sections of pieces such as tables of contents and introductions to find pertinent information, skimmed through all sources but did not pick all parts to specifically use, xpressenglish.com, beginning of story following the Hand piece.
Cecelia E. Ivey
Johnson-Sheehan, Richard, and Paul Lynch. “Rhetoric of Myth, Magic, and Conversion: A Prolegomena to Ancient Irish Rhetoric.” Rhetoric Review, vol. 26, no. 3, 2007, pp. 233-252. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/20176789? seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents. Accessed 7 Sept. 2018.
The piece covers from prior to the 5th century BCE to around the era of Saint Patrick. The article speaks of the oral traditions that were huge in Ireland. It speaks of the Druids which were analogous to the Sophists according to the author of the piece. European rhetoric did not touch Ireland until near 1200 CE. Unlike much of the western world, Ireland did not go through a big lull, so they have a constant history. Their rhetoric is toward their agricultural ways. The Irish times began around the 5th and 6th centuries with the showing up of the Celts peacefully. With the Celts, entered their religion of Drudism that had major ties to tales, naturalism, verse, mystic ways, and lyrical practices. The thoughts of their religion are hard to tell because they did not record them. Ireland still exchanged with other western areas. Records of history started with St. Patrick in the 5th century. The myths of Ireland include tales of the creation of Ireland and religion. Poetry is utilized as persuasive methods in the tales. The original writing method of the Irish is Ogham, who’s namesake is the verbal god, Ogma. The ways of Irish rhetoric can be seen in the three legend types of Invasions, Ultonian, and Fenian. Myths do not bring about facts but give knowledge with their themes. Things being said over and over kept Irish rhetoric around. The main points driven home by Irish rhetoric and molded how people carried themselves were loyalty, generosity, courage, and beauty. Táin Bó Cúalgne is the most worshipped legend. Even has negative uses for rhetoric like satire in their tales. The famous speakers keep rhetoric and mystic intertwined. They were the aes dana. Rhetoric of Ireland had major aspects of spells. This article will help my study because the piece give great details on the rhetoric of the Irish and it can used to compare with my other gathered sources and give examples of the Irish ways.
Johnson-Sheehan, Richard. “11 Orality, Magic, and Myth in Ancient Irish Rhetoric.” Ancient Non-Greek Rhetorics, Edited by Carol S. Lipson and Roberta A. Binkley, Parlor Press LLC, 2009, pp. 267-292, Accessed 8 Sept. 2018.
In this chapter of this work. The rhetorical traditions of Ireland are showcased. This source places emphasis on the oral heavy way of the Irish. They also were strong practitioners of magic and poetry. The chapter also emphasizes the four categories of the myths. They are mythological, ultonian, ossianic, and the historical which is a melting pot. The source speaks of the themes of Irish writing. The major theme is one of reiterating points until they are major beliefs. Persuasion is more of a side effect. When the repetition fails, the magic enters and can be hostile. Due to having one of the same authors these first two sources overlap quite a bit, but each brings up their own helped points. They can also be utilized to build upon one another. The piece discusses the educational value of Irish rhetoric that kept it alive. There is the utilization of scribed symbols. Magic is also seen to be an accessory of maintain Irish culture such as the ranking in the social theater. Another huge aspect of the Irish writing is satire. The important can pieces can be grabbed from this piece and the other sources can intertwine with one another to make a more solid case. The sources can all supplement one another because some off them fill gaps that others leave open as well as some supply more detail on topics brought up in other sources.
Hand , G. J. “ A Note on the Early Irish Chancery.” The Irish Jurist, vol. 5, no. 2, 1970, pp. 291-293. JSTOR, www- jstor-org.vmiezproxy.vmi.edu/stable/44027579?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents. Accessed 9 Sept. 2018.
This article touches on the legal aspects of Irish history, but is very vague. It spoke of Ireland having a parliament and first laws made in certain areas of crime. The piece also begins to compare Ireland to the English law because difference arose. The article attempts to debunk misconceptions of Irish law. This source is useful in that it begins to show the legal system of the Irish. It is not in depth as some of the other sources I have located. It does touch on a new topic of research that is the legal system. I believe the legal system is a crucial part of Irish history because the laws of a certain area set most of the parameters that the rest of the history will play out within.
Bottigheimer, Karl S. Ireland and the Irish. Columbia University Press, 1982, pp. 1-112.
The book begins with the history of the land mass that is Ireland in the physical sense. The landscape plays into Ireland being a sectioned culture where people are very cut off from each other. It is thought that near 6800 BCE people entered Ireland. Next, stone showed the first glimpse at artistry and later metal. The source goes into that monasteries were places of education and art. The book also spoke of, in the 5th century CE, St. Patrick from England returned after his captivity in Ireland. He brought Christian values that had more of an Asian and Mediterranean flare than Roman. Then in the eighth century the Vikings arrived and eventually were more peaceful. Due to Vikings merchant life from the north. New Vikings arrived but the King of Munster stopped it all in early 11th century. When he passed Ireland was in upheaval. Next, the Normans come and with the hierarchal problems they get control and link with England. Still due to inorganization, Ireland is hard to mesh. As Normans phased out the Scots phased in but failed as well. On another note, the preceding people that came to Ireland had their own effects on religion. One big part of Ireland is they are not big on fighting back. This source is important because it lays the ground work for the history of the country and can be used to supplement why the culture appears why it does or the primary pieces are written how they are.
O’Faolain, Sean. The Irish A Character Study. The Devin-Adair Company, 1949, pp. i-102.
I looked at the cultural aspects of this book. The Irish had a mystical or other worldliness culture. They had gods and Christianity comes but adapts and does not destroy the magic. The Normans gave help to a monastic religion to function. The magic changed with the culture and it meshed with the tangible. The Irish were free and athletic and they were known for farming. Their life was around the family model. Another thing the Normans did to the culture was supply the crazy idea of towns. The family rulers stepped up into new roles and the Irish were now increasingly feudal. Eventually a renter culture was set up. Ireland moved to less agricultural because land went poor. The soup of the influence of all that came threatened Ireland. The Irish never give up. This source is crucial because it shows the culture and how that ties into the aspect shown in the other sources such as rhetoric.
Joyce, P W. A Social History of Ancient Ireland, vol. 1, Longmans, Green, And Co., 1903.
I tried to list the important aspects of Irish life from this novel. The Irish were hunters, took in travelers, violent when not at regular get togethers, utilized loud colors, utilized barter and traded with western countries. They had courts. Learning was available to even the less fortunate and apprentice learning was utilized. They lived in circle, wooden homes with a protective barrier, garden, and play spot. Ruling was organized in a certain way. War was another section of Irish life. Next there was the class system. There were 5 categories, but one could move. There were kings, nobles, not noble but were free with land, not noble but were free without land, and not free. Some at the worse off were slaves. Status was based on how much land one had. The organization of society was from the smallest up, family, then sept, then clan, then tribe. They all involved some ancestor alike. They could adopt people, but permission was needed, but that person did not have all privileges. When it came to laws, judges were brehons and poets used to be simultaneously judges. Some laws were only for areas. There was no main legislation. The Irish had they own way of carrying out rules and laws. The Irish also had rules about land and who possessed what and how it moved. Next is religion. Irish people were originally pagan. When Christianity came it was organized in levels and had its own way of working. The Irish had many mystical aspects to their lives. When it came to schooling there was religious and secular. The Irish taught in their own way. They kept records on different materials. Lastly, they had their own special way of handling medical affairs. This sources adds into the knowledge available to showcase the Irish and helps to validate claims also made in other sources.
Carson, Ciaran. The Táin. Viking, 2008.
For this novel, I am utilizing it as a primary source because it is one of the main books from the older days of Ireland. It is from the Ultser cycle which is one of the four myth categories previously mentioned in a source. It is known as Táin Bó Cúailnge. It shows many of the aspects of Irish culture and history. That fact also relates this source extremely well to the other secondary sources for this project because this primary source shows first hand the musical and mystical ways of the Irish and it shos the main ideas those secondary sources offered. The secondary sources led to this well known book because they reference it. This piece is credible because it comes from those that lived in Ireland in the time period being studied. The fact that this piece shows the Irish traditions will be crucial for example in my writing in the future.
Celtic Fairy Tales. “Hudden and Dudden and Donald O’Neary.” A Harvest of World Folk Tales, edited by Milton Rugoff, The Viking Press, Inc., 1949, pp. 494-499.
From this collection I have chosen to use the Irish story known as Hudden and Dudden and Donald O’Neary. I found on xpressenglish.com that this tale may be from the 1000s. This piece showcases the music tone and bouncy wording of the Irish way of life and speaking. This piece shows the neglect of core Irish values that the secondary sources brought about. It is helpful to see what an Irish piece actually looks and reads like rather than reading what it should be like. This is helpful in that this primary source like the other ties to the secondary sources’ main ideas. The piece shows firsthand, which helps its credibility, how the Irish wrote and what they believed. It will be very helpful for showing examples of main principles.