Biology of Gender Reflections

Reflective Essay

Hamilton, Collin M

Dr. Hinks

BI-218X

 

 

Help Received

Past Assignments and Artifacts

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Within the span of this month, I have gone from extremely ignorant on the subject of gender, to slightly less ignorant. That being said, the content covered in the course was extensive and I feel that there is so much more in depth that could not have gone into due to time constraints on the course. I had always seen gender as one in the same as biological sex. After having a few classes, it was very evident that I was mistaken. I had heard the term “social construct” thrown around when I heard discussions about gender, but never in an educational light. I had always heard it in a not-so-friendly debate between a stereotypical feminist and a conservative hardliner. As I learned from one of the first assignments, Gender is a social construct to determine biological sex roles within a community (Artifact 1).

I also had no idea that some governments actually legally recognized some individuals as a completely separate gender, or commonly known as the third gender. I learned of the Khawaja sara, a community of the third gender in Pakistan. They are born male only to identify as a woman. They often work as sex workers or performers. In some instances, they live in isolated communities to avoid discrimination. I was pretty shocked that a hardline Islamic state like Pakistan would even have that kind of system in place until I read further. Learning that they are officially recognized by the government as a third gender, but publicly shammed due to deep rooted social stigma from the British Raj over the Indian sub-continent (Artifact 2). There are currently seven countries world-wide that recognize a third gender legally, and the United States is not among them.

Among the numerous social rituals and taboos that cultures all over the world have, one that confused me the most would be that of the Jewish Orthodox religion. Women who are in menstruation are required to leave the house and go to be cleansed in a bath. While the woman is menstruating, no man may come near her with sexual intentions as she is considered unclean until she goes through the cleansing ritual (Artifact 5). This ritual is said to protect women during her time of menstruating, but some would see this as a repressive way to hold women below men in social standing. I personally believe that is does take women down a peg when they are called unclean and have to take a week out of their month, every month, to go have a ritualistic bath to cleanse them. Although that is my view, I also believe that if it isn’t my culture and tradition, I shouldn’t really pass judgment. It’s all a matter of perspective in the long run, if the women feel that this ritual protects them in a religious way, then I’m all for it, but if they want to change this part of their culture, I don’t see any reason why they shouldn’t get to choose for themselves.

The gender gap was an eye-opening assignment for me as well. I had always known that the pay gap between men and women was different, but I thought the modern trend had caught up and that it was only a few cents off the dollar. I could not have been more wrong. I learned that on average in the United States the gender pay gap was that women earned 80 cents for every dollar men earned working the same job (Gender Gap Assignment). Although there was more to the gender gap than just monetary earnings, such as government participation and healthcare, the pay gap surprised me the most.

Finally, the film “Guyland” really disgusted me and left a pretty deep impact. It struck a chord with me that I wouldn’t really have expected. I don’t usually brag about my upbringing, mainly because I’ve always been around people who have generally the same ethical and moral standards that my parents had instilled in me since before I can remember. This film made me realize just how lucky I am to have grown up in a small rural town in South Texas with similar moral values. Learning that a massive amount of college and immediate post-college young men would behave in such a way of sexually assaulting severely inebriated young women as well as trying to prove their masculinity to their friends by getting into fights or acting like a total fool and destroying property is completely disgusting and embarrassing to be in the same age group as those that would do such things.

Jewish Orthodox views on Menstruation

Artifact 5: Menstruation

Hamilton, Collin M

Dr. Hinks

BI-218X

 

The Jewish Orthodox view of menstruation is as impurity. The word “niddah” is a term used to describe a woman that is menstruating. It means to move, or in some translations it is related to the word “menadechem” which means to cast out. With this, the woman must leave for seven days and make her way to a place near her to perform the cleaning ritual. During this time, no man may come near a woman during her time of menstruation. This ritual is said to protect women during her time of menstruating, but some would see this as a repressive way to hold women below men in social standing.

In the Torah, also known as the old testament, niddah is described in the book of Leviticus as having two parts. One of these parts is the Ritual Purity. It is said that a woman must separate for seven days and that anyone or anything she rests on becomes unclean. During this time, a woman must go through seven days without contact and then at the end, she must take the ritual Purity bath or shower. She then ties a piece of cloth on her finger and determines if she is still menstruating or not based off of the color of the cloth after checking.

The second part of Leviticus in reference to niddah, is the aspect of Sexual Relations. Leviticus completely denies all sexual intercourse for a woman that is in the state of niddah. Men are not allowed to come close to a woman with sexual intentions during here time of menstruation. This is enforced by Jewish religious law called kareth which would be charged on both the man and the woman alike.

 

http://www.yoatzot.org/taharat-hamishpacha/

Circumcision

Artifact 4: Circumcision

Hamilton, Collin M

Dr. Hinks

BI-218X

 

Genital Circumcision for males is a common practice for Western Civilization as well as most educated cultures around the world. Female genital circumcision, however, is much less common and is practiced in the countries of the continent of Africa. Both have historical and cultural significance in their respective areas of the world, but where the difference begins to take shape is why this is performed.

Male circumcision became popularized through the religious teachings of the Torah, the Jewish Holy book. This stems from when Abraham had his son, and God instructed him to circumcise the boy as an infant. Since then, it has become a preferred operation so as to protect the penis from infections that it would be susceptible to if it was uncircumcised.

In the case of female circumcision, the practice is used to prevent the woman to receiving pleasure from sexual stimulation. Used in very traditional and firm cultural areas of Africa so that young women would not experiment on their sexual organs to give themselves pleasure. In the class video concerning female genital mutilation, it’s showed that genital mutilation was so deeply rooted in the culture that an Egyptian Coptic Christian mother had believed that it was part of the Christian religion to have women circumcised.

Khawaja sara

Artifact 2: The Third Gender

Hamilton, Collin M

BI-218X

 

The term Khawaja sara is used in the Pakistani culture for those that are identified as male at birth and then decide that they want to identify as the female gender. These Khawaja are officially recognized by the government as a third gender being not completely male or female. In addition to Pakistan, six other countries officially recognize a third gender. These countries are Nepal, India, Bangladesh, Germany, New Zealand, and Australia.

Although receiving public recognition by the government, they are often publicly shamed by the general public. Often seen as a breach in public decency due to laws and social stigma placed on the Khawaja during the British occupation of India called the Raj. During this time, they were subjugated to harsh traditional Christian influenced laws. One such law was the Criminal Tribes Act of 1871 which forced them to strict monitoring, social stigma, and compulsory registration. Many of the Khawaja live in separate communities than that of the main population due to these continuing social stigmas still associated with them from the time of the British Raj. Before the British Raj, Khawaja sara were a part of South Asian society for centuries. During the progressive era of the Mughal Empire, some served as Military Generals, Court Royals, and Harem managers.

Although official recognized as non-binary by the government, the Khawaja sara of Pakistan are still not recognized as a third gender by the general public due to residual social stigma based off of former and current religious views. They are humiliated and disgraced by their own people because of the way that they feel and wish to present themselves.

 

https://news.vice.com/article/officially-recognized-but-publicly-shamed-transgender-life-in-pakistan

 

https://mic.com/articles/87149/7-countries-giving-transgender-people-fundamental-rights-the-u-s-still-won-t#.ZgkAmiStz

 

Sex and Gender

Artifact 1: Sex and Gender

Hamilton, Collin M

Dr. Hinks

BI-218X

 

Sex and gender are often thought of as one in the same, but are, in fact, very different. Biological sex is the sexual assignment of an individual based off of their sexual organs. Gender has now been recognized as a social construct to determine biological sex roles within a community. Women and Men are held to a completely different ethical and physical standard by society.

Men are expected to be strong willed, assertive, strong and brave. Society expects them to be of the highest moral and ethical thread. They are supposed to be of strong mental and emotional fortitude, to show no emotion pertaining to weakness. They are expected to be the “man of the house” and to be the souse of income for the family.

Women are expected be submissive and happy. Women are seen as a ticking time bombs of emotion that could go off at any moment. They are seen as those that tend to the home and cook the meals. Children are also stereotyped to be one of their primary functions in life. In many religious views, women are to be obedient to their husbands, and that a woman that does not have children is a prude.

All in all, the traditional gender roles that are currently implemented by society today do not fit the modern view of gender. It is confining to that of what biological sex an individual is born with rather than what gender they identify as in their current state.