the cellphone

The telephone is an invention that collectively changed the world. A portable communication device that you can take anywhere with you and reach anyone in the world with it. Invented by American inventor Alexander Graham Bell in 1876 and it has been evolving ever since. In this essay I will describe how the telephone has impacted the United States of America and society as a whole since its invention in 1876. I will also describe how we evolved and modified it from 1876 to present day and finally I will describe how it was applied to our situation and the impact it had on information technology.

The telephone has made a lot of tasks easier since its invention. The first is that it has made business much easier and efficient. If we didn’t have the telephone then we would have to travel from point A to point B to conduct business. Instead we can just conduct business over the telephone which saves money and is much more convenient. Because of the invention and popularity of the phone jobs were started which brought about a lot of business and brought a lot of revenue to our nation. Another asset the telephone has provided is being able to just communicate with whoever you want to. Before the telephone then you would have had to go to someone’s house or just write and send them a letter or telegraph if you wanted to get in touch with them. Now with the invention of telephone then society has been able to communicate more easily and cheaply than they could have if they didn’t have the telephone.

As stated before one of the main avenues of communication was mail. However since the invention of the telephone then the use of mail is not used in the same fashion as it was before 1876. Since the invention and evolution of the telephone we have been able to communicate with one another much more easily than beforehand. It is the number one means of long distance communication and just communicating overall.

Next I will describe how the telephone has evolved since its invention in 1876. After its first invention and call in 1876 the first transatlantic call was placed in 1915 by bell. In 1956 the first transatlantic call was placed which successfully connected the west and eastern hemispheres successfully via the telephone. In 1960 the rotary phones were replaced by touch tone phones which made dialing so much faster and easier. Because of this touch tone phone then in the future then texting would be made possible with these new dial keys that would eventually be the keyboard.

In 1973 the first cellphone call was made which was a historic event. It was a historic event because it was the first cellular phone call and our society started to move away from wired phones after this event. In 1984 the first cellular phone out of the Motorola Company hit markets and the mass production of cellular phones erupted. Throughout the 90’s phone companies tried to gain the upper hand on each other as these phones grew smaller and evolved. In 1992 the first text message was sent and received and then 8 years later in the year 2000 the first cell phone with a camera was sold.

In the early 2000’s the blackberry and palm came into the cellular world and the two tried to out compete each other in the market. Then in 2007 apple introduced the first iPhone which would take them above and beyond the rest of the competition. A year after that Google came out with the first android. After that more and more smartphones became more and more like computers and less like phones. Today we have portable phones that are part phone part computer and they can do so much more than just text and call. All of that wouldn’t have been possible without Alexander Graham Bell.

The telephone was invented in 1876 and ever since it evolved every step of the way that we needed to and as it did it became more advanced as described earlier. The telephone had a great impact because it helped long distance communication substantially. It allowed for us to communicate much quicker and faster than we had ever seen before. Written mail was the most efficient form of communication before the telephone and when the telephone was invented then it went above and beyond the mail business and made it obsolete with the speed and reliability of the telephone.

In conclusion the telephone was one of the most monumental inventions that not only our nation but also the world had ever seen. The telephone was invented in 1876 and his invention was world changing. With the invention of the telephone it made many tasks easier in our society as a whole. Business deals were made easier and it was conducted better as a whole with telephones. This happened because they were able to be conducted long distance instead of driving back and forth. With the production of phones then jobs and new business corporations were installed. Phones went from rotary to dial touch toned. They then went from wireless and then to smart phones making them much more convenient to take from place to place and the phone user could do a lot more than just call. Phones helped the world communicate with long and short distance with high reliability and speed. This is the telephones impact on both society and information technology.

Works cited

telephone rough draft

Posted on April 9, 2016 by clarkzl18

The Telephone

Works cited

Pony express final draft

Posted on April 9, 2016 by clarkzl18

Pony Express

The pony express is a system of transport that revolutionized communication. It operated by a rider on horseback traveling across the country until he reached his destination stop. This form of transportation was new and enabled people to send and receive mail from far distances away. In this essay I will describe the rise and the fall of the pony express, along with its historical significance to the country and the communication world.

The pony express came about in California after the gold rush had occurred. When the gold rush occurred, the need for communicating and package and mail reception of mail was great. It was great because so many people had moved out there to California to live and for the new opportunities provided. This being said something had to be done about the mail and communication problem that was being faced on the west coast. The pony express began operations in the 1850’s. This system of travel was started by three innovators, namely, William Russell, Alexander Majors, and William Waddell.

When mail was delivered from point A to point B, the communication message or mail or whatever had to be delivered was done so by stagecoach. This was a slow process especially travelling through mountainous and Indian filled regions. This process took 24 days to get from California to St. Josephs Missouri. The reason why St. Josephs was the farthest east was because there had been no telegraph lines past that point. So families wanted to be able to stay in touch with family members out west. These three men decided to use horseback riders instead of a stage coach because it would be much faster and much more efficient way of communication. It would be faster because one man on horseback can go much faster than a stagecoach could. When traveling from Sacramento to St. Josephs Missouri, the indicated package or message would arrive in ten days where as a stagecoach it would be 24. Because of this the pony express was made the quickest way to send mail in the United States.

The first ride of the pony express happened in April of 1861. When the ride begun, there were several hundred stations that were strung out along the country side from California to Missouri. These stations were spread about ten miles apart from each other. This occurred so that no one horse and rider had to go all the way to the destination and back. Instead the initial horse and rider would make their way to the first station and relay the message to another waiting horse and rider and that trend would continue until it reached its destination. They had hundreds and hundreds of riders, the riders got 100 dollars per month which gave people a job despite their educational or skill background.

The pony express had a very short time span though. It lasted only from the 1860-1861 and was replaced by a stagecoach company that needed stations for passengers travelling west and east. This stagecoach company was then shut down when the telegraph company began making its way across the nation and finally reached the west. When the telegraph had reached the west coast, it completely replaced the pony express. With this new telegraph communication, the communicating process had been made even better. It became better because instead of having a team of riders sprint through the country going from point A to point B, someone could sit at a table or desk and receive incoming telegraph messages within a matter of minutes. This also became a very efficient form of communication during the Civil War. Instead of having to send riders out, generals on each opposing side could send out messages and other pertinent information to the rest of their men. They could also wire back to their home states and to their respective governments. This was very important during the end of the war when the south was on the verge of losing and the north could begin to figure out what peace talks and surrender terms need to occur. The speed and effectiveness of the pony express had been replaced by something faster.

Despite the short span of operation, the pony express is important to both American and communication history. The pony express proved to Americans that the west and the east could be brought together via transportation. This would be proved again when the central and pacific railway would meet in Utah. It also brought about news and mail in a speed that people thought impossible. Because of this the west was able to still be in touch when the Civil War broke out and ended, and when Abraham Lincoln was elected.

As far as communication goes, the pony express is very important to history because it was the first form of quick long distance communication. As stated before if you wanted a message or package delivered from the west to the east or vice versa it would take a while to receive it. It would take 24 days when it is travelling on a stage coach. However with this new system of communication then people could receive mail and other messages much quicker. Ten days compared to 24 is how long it took to get mail or a message from point A to point B. This process of transport for communication was critical to it, because it made long distance communication much faster and efficient. When it was replaced by the telegraph, the pony express had proven to the country the significance it had in effective quick long distance communication. The pony express had paved the way for long distance communication and that communication process hasn’t slowed down since the pony express’s replacement.

In conclusion the pony express was critical in the history of American and Information technology. A string of riders and horses spread from California to Missouri enabled the most efficient and quick form of communication that the world had seen. The idea was started in the late 1850’s and the first delivery was in 1860. Although replaced by stagecoach companies and eventually the telegraph, the pony express had ridden its way into history. It proved the importance of quick communication by transportation is essential to not only our nation, but the world. It had reduced mail reception time and provided major news events quickly all over the nation. This is the importance that the pony express had on history and information technology.

Works cited

pony express

Posted on March 16, 2016 by clarkzl18

Pony express

The pony express, a system of transport that revolutionized communication. It operated by a rider on horseback traveling across the country until he reached his destination stop. This form of transport was new and enabled people to send mail and receive mail from far distances away. In this essay ill describe the rise and the fall of the pony express, along with its historical significance to the country and the communication world.

The pony express came about in California after the gold rush had occurred. When the gold rush occurred, the need for communicating and package and mail receipt was great. It was great because so many people had moved out there to live and for the new opportunities provided. This being said something had to be done about the mail and communication problem that was being faced on the west coast. This being said the pony express begun in the 1850’s. This system of travel was started by three innovators. These people were William Russell, Alexander Majors, and William Waddell.

When mail was delivered from point a to point b, the communication message or mail or whatever had to be delievered was done so by stagecoach. This was a slow process especially travelling through mountaneous and Indian filled regions. This process took 24 days to get from California to st josephs Missouri. The reason why st. josephs was the farthest east was because there had been no telegraph lines past that point. So families wanted to be able to stay in touch with family members out west. William, Majors, and Waddell decieded to use horse back riders instead of a stage coach because it would be much more faster and much more efficient way of communication. When traveling from sacremento to st. Josephs Missouri, the indicated package or message would arrive in ten days, making it the quickest way to send mail in the United States.

The first ride of the pony express happened in April of 1861. When the ride begun there were several hundred stations that were strung out along the country side from California to Missouri. These stations were spread about ten miles apart from each other. This occurred so that no one horse and rider had to go all the way to the destination and back. Instead the initial horse and rider would make their way to the first station and relay the message to another waiting horse and rider and that trend would continue until it reached its destination. They had hundreds and hundreds of riders, the riders got 100 dollars per month which gave people whether educated or un educated skilled or unskilled a job to do that rivaled none.

The pony express had a very short time span though, it lasted from the 1860-1861 and was replaced by a stagecoach company that need stations for passengers that would be travelling west and east. This stagecoach company was then shut down when the telegraph company began making its way across the nation and finally reached the west. When the telegraph had reached the west then it completely replaced the pony express. With this new telegraph communication process had been made even better. It became better because instead of having a team of riders sprint through the country going from point a to point b, someone could sit at a table or desk and receive incoming telegraph messages within a matter of minutes. This also became a very efficient form of communication during the civil war because instead of having to send riders oout, generals on each opposing side could send out messages and other pertinent information to the rest of their men. They could also wire back to their home states and to their respective governments. This was very important during the end of the war when the south was on the verge of losing and the north could begin to figure out what peace talks and surrender terms need to occur. Yes the speed and effectiveness of the pony express had been replaced by something faster. During its time in operation it did more than just its duty and helped out a great many people in the process.

Despite the short span of operation, the pony express is important to both American and communication history. The pony express proved to Americans that the west and the east could be brought together via transportation. This would be proved again when the central and pacific railway would meet in Utah. It also brought about news and mail in a speed that people thought impossible. Because of this the west was able to still be in touch when the civil war broke out and when Abraham Lincoln was elected. Because of the quick communication and early battles that were won by the north California and the gold found in it remained in the north whichw as another key point of significance.

Communication wise the pony express is very important to history because it was the first form of quick long distance communication. As stated before if you wanted a message or package delivered from the west to the east or vice versa it would take a while to receive it. It would take 24 days when it is travelling on a stage coach. However with this new system of communication then people could receive mail and other messages much quicker. Ten days compared to 24 is how long it took. This process of transport for communication was critical to it because it made long distance communication so much faster and efficient. When it was replaced by the telegraph, it had proven to the country the significance it had in effective quick long distance communication. It had proved the way for long distance communication and that process hasn’t slowed down since.

In conclusion the pony express was critical in the history of American and Information technology. A string of riders and horses spread from California to Missouri enabled the most efficient and quick form of communication that the world had seen. The idea was started in the late 1850’s and the first delivery was in 1860. Although replaced by stagecoach companies and eventually the telegraph, the pony express had rode its way into history. It proved the importance of quick communication by transportation is essential to not only our nation but the world. It had reduced mail reception time and provided major news events quickly all over the nation. This is the importance that the pony express had on History and Information technology.

Works cited

Final writing assignment for cis270wx-01

Posted on March 10, 2016 by clarkzl18

Native Americans and smoke signals

American Indians and smoke signals

Posted on February 11, 2016 by clarkzl18

Native Americans and smoke signals

The Native Americans of the North American continent used smoke signals for communication with tribes both near and far. In this essay I will describe how these Indian tribes used smoke signals for communication with other tribes, how they used it for their different geographical situations and how it evolved over time. Finally I will describe the lasting impact of smoke signals on society.

Native Americans used some signals as a mean to communicate messages within their given tribe and with other tribes around them. Smoke signals consist of sending long columns or puffs of smoke in the air to send signals and messages that can be seen over long distances. In order to begin this process, tribes would have to first build a fire of wood and other burning materials to be able to generate smoke. They then used a wet blanket that would be placed over the fire. This blanket since it was wet, would not burn and it would be able to be placed above the fire and removed in different intervals and would generate different variations of smoke depending on what was needed in a given situation.

White smoke was created when this process was begun with either a wet blanket or other materials. As the wet material used a different coloration of smoke was created and it eventually became darker and thicker. The blanket or other material used kept the smoke was rising. When the communicator was ready that person removed the covering and the smoke rose to the air. This user did this several times at different intervals so that their intended message could be sent. Once the message was sent the communicator either waited for a response from another smoke signaler or started the process again to send out another message.

When beginning this process the American Indians using this process would find an area best suited. In doing this, when the messenger sent smoke signals into the air then they were able to send these messages over long distances. This was very effective because they could communicate with people using a common language over far distances instead of having to be close to the person like they would have to be in order to do sign language or other forms of non-written communication. These messages could be seen by many people and because of this was another convenience all Native Americans had. This said geography wasn’t an issue because the tribes could just look to the sky to see these easy communacatable messages.

In regards to messages that were sent over long distances there were 3 main types. The first type of message was a warning. This message was very extensive in that it could tell the receiver many different things. It could describe a warning or an alarm. If there was a stranger or someone unknown coming then smoke signals could be used to notify other tribes and if they were hostile what kind and what quantity of weapons they had with them. The next type of message was a message that could be sent during battle and the message would ask for reinforcements from either the tribe that was engaged or other tribes around. The final message of the three that would usually be sent was a report or update smoke signal. The smoke signal would be sent up and other surrounding Indian tribes could tell who won and lost the battle and how many casualties there had been taken on both sides. This was another convenience in that instead of having to ride around and going from village to village, finding the results was made easier by looking to the clouds.

There were also three different kinds of meanings of smoke signals in regards to the number of puffs of clouds of smoke that rose. One puff meant attention or was a warning. Two clouds meant that everything was okay and to just go about your business. Finally three smoke puffs meant that there was danger or to come help immediately. This is the general code that was established so that the Native American Indians would be able to communicate with other friendly/ ally tribes without enemy tribes being able to decipher what was being said. These signals that went back and forth were only known to the messenger and the receiver and from there the messages would be shared keeping the confidentiality of the message a key component. This is how the smoke signals evolved over time. They went from Indians discovering how to use them to being able to send difficult messages to other tribes.

The art of smoke signals originated overseas in Europe and was used by the Greeks and later the chin ease. American Indians discovered how to use it and used that as their main form of communicating long distances with other tribes. This was the first form of long distance communication using a common language between all Indian tribes. Even though the method in which the messages were conceived differed it was the same concept. The Indians all used the same methodology when it came to the smoke puffs for signals. One for attention, two for all is good and three for a threat or other type of warning.

American Indians eventually stopped using these smoke signals as their main form of communication and began writing when Europeans came to the new world. The smoke signals stopped being their main form of communication. Today smoke signals are used by younger generations, such as boy and girl scouts as a form of communication in survival situations. They also would be used by campers who would be in need of help and would send the signals out to try and contact anyone who would be nearby to assist them.

In conclusion, American Indians first form of long distance non written communication was the smoke signal. By making a fire and covering the fire with a wet blanket or something similar in stature, the fire would bellow smoke signals. Once this skill was mastered, the technique evolved and these Indians realized they could use these fires to signal and communicate with tribes near and far. Using these signals they would be able to make smoke puffs and could signal ally tribes near and far. They would also use a string of smaller fires to implement details of the main message. This form of communicating was extremely effective in communicating several things with nearby tribes such as battle reports, outsiders coming into the area and so on. Eventually this form of communicating stopped when the Europeans came over to North America and the Indians were taught reading writing and other forms of communicating. This technique of signal fires is now used in survival situations if need be and by boy scouts learning to survive in the woods.

Bibliography

http://tribaldirectory.com/information/smoke-signals.html

http://www.warpaths2peacepipes.com/native-american-culture/smoke-signals.htm

used these two sites above and also used class notes.

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